Arch	BaseModel	Model	ATEC	BQ	LCQMC	PAWSX	STS-B	SOHU-dd	SOHU-dc	Avg	QPS
Word2Vec	word2vec	w2v-light-tencent-chinese	20.00	31.49	59.46	2.57	55.78	55.04	20.70	35.03	23769
SBERT	xlm-roberta-base	sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2	18.42	38.52	63.96	10.14	78.90	63.01	52.28	46.46	3138
Instructor	hfl/chinese-roberta-wwm-ext	moka-ai/m3e-base	41.27	63.81	74.87	12.20	76.96	75.83	60.55	57.93	2980
CoSENT	hfl/chinese-macbert-base	shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese	31.93	42.67	70.16	17.21	79.30	70.27	50.42	51.61	3008
CoSENT	hfl/chinese-lert-large	GanymedeNil/text2vec-large-chinese	32.61	44.59	69.30	14.51	79.44	73.01	59.04	53.12	2092
CoSENT	nghuyong/ernie-3.0-base-zh	shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese-sentence	43.37	61.43	73.48	38.90	78.25	70.60	53.08	59.87	3089
CoSENT	nghuyong/ernie-3.0-base-zh	shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese-paraphrase	44.89	63.58	74.24	40.90	78.93	76.70	63.30	63.08	3066
CoSENT	sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2	shibing624/text2vec-base-multilingual	32.39	50.33	65.64	32.56	74.45	68.88	51.17	53.67	4004

说明：

结果评测指标：spearman系数
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese模型，是用CoSENT方法训练，基于hfl/chinese-macbert-base在中文STS-B数据训练得到，并在中文STS-B测试集评估达到较好效果，运行examples/training_sup_text_matching_model.py代码可训练模型，模型文件已经上传HF model hub，中文通用语义匹配任务推荐使用
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese-sentence模型，是用CoSENT方法训练，基于nghuyong/ernie-3.0-base-zh用人工挑选后的中文STS数据集shibing624/nli-zh-all/text2vec-base-chinese-sentence-dataset训练得到，并在中文各NLI测试集评估达到较好效果，运行examples/training_sup_text_matching_model_jsonl_data.py代码可训练模型，模型文件已经上传HF model hub，中文s2s(句子vs句子)语义匹配任务推荐使用
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese-paraphrase模型，是用CoSENT方法训练，基于nghuyong/ernie-3.0-base-zh用人工挑选后的中文STS数据集shibing624/nli-zh-all/text2vec-base-chinese-paraphrase-dataset，数据集相对于shibing624/nli-zh-all/text2vec-base-chinese-sentence-dataset加入了s2p(sentence to paraphrase)数据，强化了其长文本的表征能力，并在中文各NLI测试集评估达到SOTA，运行examples/training_sup_text_matching_model_jsonl_data.py代码可训练模型，模型文件已经上传HF model hub，中文s2p(句子vs段落)语义匹配任务推荐使用
sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2模型是用SBERT训练，是paraphrase-MiniLM-L12-v2模型的多语言版本，支持中文、英文等
w2v-light-tencent-chinese是腾讯词向量的Word2Vec模型，CPU加载使用，适用于中文字面匹配任务和缺少数据的冷启动情况

Usage (text2vec)

Using this model becomes easy when you have text2vec installed:

pip install -U text2vec

Then you can use the model like this:

python

from text2vec import SentenceModel
sentences = ['如何更换花呗绑定银行卡', '花呗更改绑定银行卡']

model = SentenceModel('shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)

Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)

Without text2vec, you can use the model like this:

First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.

Install transformers:

pip install transformers

Then load model and predict:

python

from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel
import torch

# Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0]  # First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese')
model = BertModel.from_pretrained('shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese')
sentences = ['如何更换花呗绑定银行卡', '花呗更改绑定银行卡']
# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)
# Perform pooling. In this case, mean pooling.
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])
print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)

Usage (sentence-transformers)

sentence-transformers is a popular library to compute dense vector representations for sentences.

Install sentence-transformers:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then load model and predict:

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

m = SentenceTransformer("shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese")
sentences = ['如何更换花呗绑定银行卡', '花呗更改绑定银行卡']

sentence_embeddings = m.encode(sentences)
print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)

Model speed up

Model	ATEC	BQ	LCQMC	PAWSX	STSB
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (fp32, baseline)	0.31928	0.42672	0.70157	0.17214	0.79296
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (onnx-O4, #29)	0.31928	0.42672	0.70157	0.17214	0.79296
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (ov, #27)	0.31928	0.42672	0.70157	0.17214	0.79296
shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (ov-qint8, #30)	0.30778 (-3.60%)	0.43474 (+1.88%)	0.69620 (-0.77%)	0.16662 (-3.20%)	0.79396 (+0.13%)

In short:

✅ shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (onnx-O4), ONNX Optimized to O4 does not reduce performance, but gives a ~2x speedup on GPU.
✅ shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (ov), OpenVINO does not reduce performance, but gives a 1.12x speedup on CPU.
🟡 shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (ov-qint8), int8 quantization with OV incurs a small performance hit on some tasks, and a tiny performance gain on others, when quantizing with Chinese STSB. Additionally, it results in a 4.78x speedup on CPU.

usage: shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (onnx-O4), for gpu

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

model = SentenceTransformer(
    "shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese",
    backend="onnx",
    model_kwargs={"file_name": "model_O4.onnx"},
)
embeddings = model.encode(["如何更换花呗绑定银行卡", "花呗更改绑定银行卡", "你是谁"])
print(embeddings.shape)
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)

usage: shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (ov), for cpu

python

# pip install 'optimum[openvino]'

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

model = SentenceTransformer(
    "shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese",
    backend="openvino",
)

embeddings = model.encode(["如何更换花呗绑定银行卡", "花呗更改绑定银行卡", "你是谁"])
print(embeddings.shape)
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)

usage: shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese (ov-qint8), for cpu

python

# pip install optimum
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

model = SentenceTransformer(
    "shibing624/text2vec-base-chinese",
    backend="onnx",
    model_kwargs={"file_name": "model_qint8_avx512_vnni.onnx"},
)
embeddings = model.encode(["如何更换花呗绑定银行卡", "花呗更改绑定银行卡", "你是谁"])
print(embeddings.shape)
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)

Full Model Architecture

CoSENT(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True})
)

Intended uses

Our model is intented to be used as a sentence and short paragraph encoder. Given an input text, it ouptuts a vector which captures the semantic information. The sentence vector may be used for information retrieval, clustering or sentence similarity tasks.

By default, input text longer than 256 word pieces is truncated.

Training procedure

Pre-training

We use the pretrained hfl/chinese-macbert-base model. Please refer to the model card for more detailed information about the pre-training procedure.

Fine-tuning

We fine-tune the model using a contrastive objective. Formally, we compute the cosine similarity from each possible sentence pairs from the batch. We then apply the rank loss by comparing with true pairs and false pairs.

Hyper parameters

training dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/shibing624/nli_zh
max_seq_length: 128
best epoch: 5
sentence embedding dim: 768

Citing & Authors

This model was trained by text2vec.

If you find this model helpful, feel free to cite:

bibtex

@software{text2vec,
  author = {Xu Ming},
  title = {text2vec: A Tool for Text to Vector},
  year = {2022},
  url = {https://github.com/shibing624/text2vec},
}