BGE-Code-v1 is an LLM-based code embedding model that supports code retrieval, text retrieval, and multilingual retrieval. It primarily demonstrates the following capabilities:

Superior Code Retrieval Performance: The model demonstrates exceptional code retrieval capabilities, supporting natural language queries in both English and Chinese, as well as 20 programming languages.
Robust Text Retrieval Capabilities: The model maintains strong text retrieval capabilities comparable to text embedding models of similar scale.
Extensive Multilingual Support: BGE-Code-v1 offers comprehensive multilingual retrieval capabilities, excelling in languages such as English, Chinese, Japanese, French, and more.

Usage

Using FlagEmbedding

git clone https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding.git
cd FlagEmbedding
pip install -e .

python

from FlagEmbedding import FlagLLMModel
queries = [
    "Delete the record with ID 4 from the 'Staff' table.", 
    'Delete all records in the "Livestock" table where age is greater than 5'
]
documents = [
    "DELETE FROM Staff WHERE StaffID = 4;",
    "DELETE FROM Livestock WHERE age > 5;"
]
model = FlagLLMModel('BAAI/bge-code-v1', 
                     query_instruction_format="<instruct>{}\n<query>{}",
                     query_instruction_for_retrieval="Given a question in text, retrieve SQL queries that are appropriate responses to the question.",
                     trust_remote_code=True,
                     use_fp16=True) # Setting use_fp16 to True speeds up computation with a slight performance degradation
embeddings_1 = model.encode_queries(queries)
embeddings_2 = model.encode_corpus(documents)
similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T
print(similarity)

By default, FlagLLMModel will use all available GPUs when encoding. Please set os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] to select specific GPUs. You also can set os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"]="" to make all GPUs unavailable.

Using Sentence Transformers

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
import torch

# Load the model, optionally in float16 precision for faster inference
model = SentenceTransformer(
    "BAAI/bge-code-v1",
    trust_remote_code=True,
    model_kwargs={"torch_dtype": torch.float16},
)

# Prepare a prompt given an instruction
instruction = 'Given a question in text, retrieve SQL queries that are appropriate responses to the question.'
prompt = f'<instruct>{instruction}\n<query>'
# Prepare queries and documents
queries = [
    "Delete the record with ID 4 from the 'Staff' table.", 
    'Delete all records in the "Livestock" table where age is greater than 5'
]
documents = [
    "DELETE FROM Staff WHERE StaffID = 4;",
    "DELETE FROM Livestock WHERE age > 5;"
]

# Compute the query and document embeddings
query_embeddings = model.encode(queries, prompt=prompt)
document_embeddings = model.encode(documents)

# Compute the cosine similarity between the query and document embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(query_embeddings, document_embeddings)
print(similarities)

Using HuggingFace Transformers

python

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

from torch import Tensor
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel


def last_token_pool(last_hidden_states: Tensor,
                 attention_mask: Tensor) -> Tensor:
    left_padding = (attention_mask[:, -1].sum() == attention_mask.shape[0])
    if left_padding:
        return last_hidden_states[:, -1]
    else:
        sequence_lengths = attention_mask.sum(dim=1) - 1
        batch_size = last_hidden_states.shape[0]
        return last_hidden_states[torch.arange(batch_size, device=last_hidden_states.device), sequence_lengths]


def get_detailed_instruct(task_description: str, query: str) -> str:
    return f'<instruct>{task_description}\n<query>{query}'


instruction = 'Given a question in text, retrieve SQL queries that are appropriate responses to the question.'
queries = [
    "Delete the record with ID 4 from the 'Staff' table.", 
    'Delete all records in the "Livestock" table where age is greater than 5'
]
documents = [
    "DELETE FROM Staff WHERE StaffID = 4;",
    "DELETE FROM Livestock WHERE age > 5;"
]
input_texts = queries + documents

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-code-v1', trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('BAAI/bge-code-v1', trust_remote_code=True)
model.eval()

max_length = 4096
# Tokenize the input texts
batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=max_length, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt', pad_to_multiple_of=8)

with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model(**batch_dict)
    embeddings = last_token_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict['attention_mask'])
    
# normalize embeddings
embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
scores = (embeddings[:2] @ embeddings[2:].T) * 100
print(scores.tolist())

Evaluation

BGE-Code-v1 achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the CoIR and CodeRAG benchmarks.

CoIR

	CodeXEmbed-2B	CodeXEmbed-7B	Voyage-Code-002	Voyage-Code-003	BGE-Code-v1
Apps	76.86	85.38	26.52	93.62	98.08
CosQA	40.47	42.47	29.79	34.45	46.72
Text2SQL	78.42	78.94	69.26	62.87	64.35
CSN	87.87	89.67	81.79	89.35	89.53
CSN-CCR	97.66	97.95	73.45	90.05	98.30
CodeTrans-Contest	90.30	94.45	72.77	94.96	94.38
CodeTrans-DL	38.57	40.46	27.48	38.57	46.13
StackOverFlow-QA	94.47	96.33	67.68	97.17	95.35
CodeFeedBack-ST	86.36	87.53	65.35	90.67	90.56
CodeFeedBack-MT	65.51	68.83	28.74	93.58	94.38
AVG	75.65	78.20	56.26	78.53	81.77

CodedRAG

	HummanEval	MBPP	DS-1000	ODEX	RepoEval	SWE-bench-Lite	AVG
SFR	100.0	99.0	19.3	37.1	83.8	62.7	67.0
Jina-v2-code	100.0	97.7	26.2	19.9	90.5	58.3	65.4
CodeXEmbed-2B	100.0	97.4	25.4	23.9	88.7	52.4	64.6
Voyage-Code-002	100.0	99.0	33.1	26.6	94.3	29.1	63.7
BGE-Code-v1	100.0	99.2	40.9	36.1	93.1	67.4	72.8

Instructions for Evaluation

python

{
    "Apps": "Given a code contest problem description, retrieve relevant code that can help solve the problem.",
    "CosQA": "Given a web search query, retrieve relevant code that can help answer the query.",
    "Text2SQL": "Given a question in text, retrieve SQL queries that are appropriate responses to the question.",
    "CSN": "Given a piece of code, retrieve the document string that summarizes the code.",
    "CSN-CCR": "Given a piece of code segment, retrieve the code segment that is the latter part of the code.",
    "CodeTrans-DL": "Given a piece of code, retrieve code that is semantically equivalent to the input code.",
    "CodeTrans-Contest": "Given a piece of Python code, retrieve C++ code that is semantically equivalent to the input code.",
    "StackOverFlow-QA": "Given a question that consists of a mix of text and code snippets, retrieve relevant answers that also consist of a mix of text and code snippets, and can help answer the question.",
    "CodeFeedBack-ST": "Given a question that consists of a mix of text and code snippets, retrieve relevant answers that also consist of a mix of text and code snippets, and can help answer the question.",
    "CodeFeedBack-MT": "Given a multi-turn conversation history that consists of a mix of text and code snippets, retrieve relevant answers that also consist of a mix of text and code snippets, and can help answer the question.",
    "HummanEval": "Given a question that consists of a mix of text and code snippets, retrieve relevant answers that also consist of a mix of text and code snippets, and can help answer the question.",
    "MBPP": "Given a textual explanation of code functionality, retrieve the corresponding code implementation.",
    "DS-1000": "Given a question that consists of a mix of text and code snippets, retrieve relevant answers that also consist of a mix of text and code snippets, and can help answer the question.",
    "ODEX": "Given a question, retrieve relevant answers that also consist of a mix of text and code snippets, and can help answer the question.",
    "RepoEval": "Given a piece of code segment, retrieve the code segment that is the latter part of the code.",
    "SWE-bench-Lite": "Given a code snippet containing a bug and a natural language description of the bug or error, retrieve code snippets that demonstrate solutions or fixes for similar bugs or errors (the desired documents)."
}

Citation

If you find this repository useful, please consider giving a star :star: and citation

@misc{bge_code,
    title={Towards A Generalist Code Embedding Model Based On Massive Data Synthesis}, 
    author={Chaofan Li and Jianlyu Chen and Yingxia Shao and Defu Lian and Zheng Liu},
    year={2025},
    eprint={2505.12697},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.IR},
    url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12697}, 
}