The MADIS observation data is stored in Zarr files, which can be opened using the Xarray library.
The observations for a specific hour YYYY-MM-DD HH:00 are stored in the file madis2020/MM/(mesonet|metar)/YYYYMMDD_HH00.zarr.
Each Zarr file has the following variables:
Lastly, the dataset contains two… See the full description on the dataset page:
https://huggingface.co/datasets/excarta/madis2020.