ColQwen is a model based on a novel model architecture and training strategy based on Vision Language Models (VLMs) to efficiently index documents from their visual features. It is a Qwen2-VL-2B extension that generates ColBERT- style multi-vector representations of text and images. It was introduced in the paper ColPali: Efficient Document Retrieval with Vision Language Models and first released in this repository

This version is the untrained base version to guarantee deterministic projection layer initialization.

Version specificity

[!NOTE] This version is similar to vidore/colqwen2-v0.1, except that the LoRA adapter was merged into the base model. Thus, loading ColQwen2 from this checkpoint saves you the trouble of merging the pre-trained adapter yourself.

This can be useful if you want to train a new adapter from scratch.

Model Training

Dataset

Our training dataset of 127,460 query-page pairs is comprised of train sets of openly available academic datasets (63%) and a synthetic dataset made up of pages from web-crawled PDF documents and augmented with VLM-generated (Claude-3 Sonnet) pseudo-questions (37%). Our training set is fully English by design, enabling us to study zero-shot generalization to non-English languages. We explicitly verify no multi-page PDF document is used both ViDoRe and in the train set to prevent evaluation contamination. A validation set is created with 2% of the samples to tune hyperparameters.

Note: Multilingual data is present in the pretraining corpus of the language model and most probably in the multimodal training.

Parameters

All models are trained for 1 epoch on the train set. Unless specified otherwise, we train models in bfloat16 format, use low-rank adapters (LoRA) with alpha=32 and r=32 on the transformer layers from the language model, as well as the final randomly initialized projection layer, and use a paged_adamw_8bit optimizer. We train on an 8 GPU setup with data parallelism, a learning rate of 5e-5 with linear decay with 2.5% warmup steps, and a batch size of 32.

Usage

Sentence Transformers

ColQwen2 can be loaded as a multi-vector (ColBERT-style late interaction) retriever with Sentence Transformers via the MultiVectorEncoder, exposing the familiar encode_query / encode_document / similarity API.

pip install "sentence-transformers[image]>=6.0.0"

python

from sentence_transformers import MultiVectorEncoder

model = MultiVectorEncoder("vidore/colqwen2-v0.1-merged")

queries = [
    "What is the variable represented on the y-axis of the graph?",
    "Total outlay is maximum in which year?",
]
images = [
    "https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/example-documents/resolve/main/doc1.jpg",
    "https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/example-documents/resolve/main/doc2.jpg",
    "https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/example-documents/resolve/main/doc3.jpg",
    "https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/example-documents/resolve/main/doc4.jpg",
]

query_embeddings = model.encode_query(queries)
document_embeddings = model.encode_document(images)
print(f"Query 0 shape:    {tuple(query_embeddings[0].shape)}")
print(f"Document 0 shape: {tuple(document_embeddings[0].shape)}")
# Query 0 shape:    (25, 128)
# Document 0 shape: (4115, 128)

scores = model.similarity(query_embeddings, document_embeddings)
print(scores)
# tensor([[15.6562, 13.0996,  9.3330,  7.7490],
#         [ 7.3848, 15.4883,  6.3789,  6.8916]])

ColPali Engine

[!WARNING] Note: colpali-engine 0.3.13 and later no longer send the "Query: " query prefix that this checkpoint was trained with (illuin-tech/colpali#280 dropped it from ColQwen2Processor, and illuin-tech/colpali#339 then changed the base class default it fell back on to ""). The Sentence Transformers configuration in this repository reproduces the original training-time format, so its embeddings differ slightly from current colpali-engine output.

Make sure colpali-engine is installed from source or with a version superior to 0.3.1. transformers version must be > 4.45.0.

pip install git+https://github.com/illuin-tech/colpali

python

import torch
from PIL import Image
from transformers.utils.import_utils import is_flash_attn_2_available

from colpali_engine.models import ColQwen2, ColQwen2Processor

model = ColQwen2.from_pretrained(
    "vidore/colqwen2-v0.1-merged",
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="cuda:0",  # or "mps" if on Apple Silicon
    attn_implementation="flash_attention_2" if is_flash_attn_2_available() else None,  # or "eager" if "mps"
).eval()
processor = ColQwen2Processor.from_pretrained("vidore/colqwen2-v0.1-merged")

# Your inputs
images = [
    Image.new("RGB", (128, 128), color="white"),
    Image.new("RGB", (64, 32), color="black"),
]
queries = [
    "Is attention really all you need?",
    "What is the amount of bananas farmed in Salvador?",
]

# Process the inputs
batch_images = processor.process_images(images).to(model.device)
batch_queries = processor.process_queries(queries).to(model.device)

# Forward pass
with torch.no_grad():
    image_embeddings = model(**batch_images)
    query_embeddings = model(**batch_queries)

scores = processor.score_multi_vector(query_embeddings, image_embeddings)

Limitations

Focus: The model primarily focuses on PDF-type documents and high-ressources languages, potentially limiting its generalization to other document types or less represented languages.
Support: The model relies on multi-vector retreiving derived from the ColBERT late interaction mechanism, which may require engineering efforts to adapt to widely used vector retrieval frameworks that lack native multi-vector support.

License

ColQwen2's vision language backbone model (Qwen2-VL) is under apache2.0 license. The adapters attached to the model are under MIT license.

Contact

Manuel Faysse: manuel.faysse@illuin.tech
Hugues Sibille: hugues.sibille@illuin.tech
Tony Wu: tony.wu@illuin.tech

Citation

If you use any datasets or models from this organization in your research, please cite the original dataset as follows:

bibtex

@misc{faysse2024colpaliefficientdocumentretrieval,
  title={ColPali: Efficient Document Retrieval with Vision Language Models}, 
  author={Manuel Faysse and Hugues Sibille and Tony Wu and Bilel Omrani and Gautier Viaud and Céline Hudelot and Pierre Colombo},
  year={2024},
  eprint={2407.01449},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.IR},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01449}, 
}