Sparse CSR model trained on Natural Questions

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: CSR Sparse Encoder
• Base model: mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 4096 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Dot Product
• Training Dataset:
  • gooaq
• Language: en
• License: apache-2.0

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Documentation: Sparse Encoder Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sparse Encoders on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SparseEncoder(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): CSRSparsity({'input_dim': 1024, 'hidden_dim': 4096, 'k': 256, 'k_aux': 512, 'normalize': False, 'dead_threshold': 30})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

Evaluation

Metrics

Sparse Information Retrieval

• Datasets: NanoMSMARCO_128, NanoNFCorpus_128 and NanoNQ_128
• Evaluated with SparseInformationRetrievalEvaluator with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "max_active_dims": 128 3}

Sparse Nano BEIR

• Dataset: NanoBEIR_mean_128
• Evaluated with SparseNanoBEIREvaluator with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "dataset_names": [ 3 "msmarco", 4 "nfcorpus", 5 "nq" 6 ], 7 "max_active_dims": 128 8}

Sparse Information Retrieval

• Datasets: NanoMSMARCO_256, NanoNFCorpus_256 and NanoNQ_256
• Evaluated with SparseInformationRetrievalEvaluator with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "max_active_dims": 256 3}

Sparse Nano BEIR

• Dataset: NanoBEIR_mean_256
• Evaluated with SparseNanoBEIREvaluator with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "dataset_names": [ 3 "msmarco", 4 "nfcorpus", 5 "nq" 6 ], 7 "max_active_dims": 256 8}

Training Details

Training Dataset

gooaq

• Dataset: gooaq at b089f72
• Size: 3,011,496 training samples
• Columns: question and answer
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	question	answer
  type	string	string
  details	min: 8 tokens mean: 11.87 tokens max: 23 tokens	min: 14 tokens mean: 60.09 tokens max: 201 tokens

• Samples:

  question	answer
  what is the difference between clay and mud mask?	The main difference between the two is that mud is a skin-healing agent, while clay is a cosmetic, drying agent. Clay masks are most useful for someone who has oily skin and is prone to breakouts of acne and blemishes.
  myki how much on card?	A full fare myki card costs $6 and a concession, seniors or child myki costs $3. For more information about how to use your myki, visit ptv.vic.gov.au or call 1800 800 007.
  how to find out if someone blocked your phone number on iphone?	If you get a notification like "Message Not Delivered" or you get no notification at all, that's a sign of a potential block. Next, you could try calling the person. If the call goes right to voicemail or rings once (or a half ring) then goes to voicemail, that's further evidence you may have been blocked.

• Loss: CSRLoss with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "beta": 0.1, 3 "gamma": 1.0, 4 "loss": "SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss(scale=1.0, similarity_fct='dot_score')" 5}

Evaluation Dataset

gooaq

• Dataset: gooaq at b089f72
• Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
• Columns: question and answer
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	question	answer
  type	string	string
  details	min: 8 tokens mean: 11.88 tokens max: 22 tokens	min: 14 tokens mean: 61.03 tokens max: 127 tokens

• Samples:

  question	answer
  how do i program my directv remote with my tv?	['Press MENU on your remote.', 'Select Settings & Help > Settings > Remote Control > Program Remote.', 'Choose the device (TV, audio, DVD) you wish to program. ... ', 'Follow the on-screen prompts to complete programming.']
  are rodrigues fruit bats nocturnal?	Before its numbers were threatened by habitat destruction, storms, and hunting, some of those groups could number 500 or more members. Sunrise, sunset. Rodrigues fruit bats are most active at dawn, at dusk, and at night.
  why does your heart rate increase during exercise bbc bitesize?	During exercise there is an increase in physical activity and muscle cells respire more than they do when the body is at rest. The heart rate increases during exercise. The rate and depth of breathing increases - this makes sure that more oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and more carbon dioxide is removed from it.

• Loss: CSRLoss with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "beta": 0.1, 3 "gamma": 1.0, 4 "loss": "SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss(scale=1.0, similarity_fct='dot_score')" 5}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• learning_rate: 0.0002
• num_train_epochs: 1
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• bf16: True
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Training Logs

Environmental Impact

• Energy Consumed: 1.202 kWh
• Carbon Emitted: 0.467 kg of CO2
• Hours Used: 3.125 hours

Training Hardware

• On Cloud: No
• GPU Model: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090
• CPU Model: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K
• RAM Size: 31.78 GB

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.6
• Sentence Transformers: 4.2.0.dev0
• Transformers: 4.49.0
• PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
• Accelerate: 1.5.1
• Datasets: 2.21.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

CSRLoss

SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss