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## Training Data
The model was both trained on over 4 Billion tokens, spanning 2750+ NLP tasks. Our training collection consists majorly of:
1. Human annotated datasets like Flan, Task Source, and the Aya collection
2. Synthetic datasets like OpenOrca, OpenHermes and WizardLM
3. Proprietary datasets developed or licensed by Refuel AI
## Benchmarks
In this section, we report the results for Refuel models on our benchmark of labeling tasks. For details on the methodology see [here](https://refuel.ai/blog-posts/announcing-refuel-llm-2).
<table>
<tr></tr>
<tr><th>Provider</th><th>Model</th><th colspan="4" style="text-align: center">LLM Output Quality (by task type)</tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td>Overall</td><td>Classification</td><td>Reading Comprehension</td><td>Structure Extraction</td><td>Entity Matching</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Refuel</td><td>RefuelLLM-2</td><td>83.82%</td><td>84.94%</td><td>76.03%</td><td>88.16%</td><td>92.00%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>OpenAI</td><td>GPT-4-Turbo</td><td>80.88%</td><td>81.77%</td><td>72.08%</td><td>84.79%</td><td>97.20%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Refuel</td><td>RefuelLLM-2-small (Llama-3-Refueled)</td><td>79.67%</td><td>81.72%</td><td>70.04%</td><td>84.28%</td><td>92.00%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Anthropic</td><td>Claude-3-Opus</td><td>79.19%</td><td>82.49%</td><td>67.30%</td><td>88.25%</td><td>94.96%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Meta</td><td>Llama3-70B-Instruct</td><td>78.20%</td><td>79.38%</td><td>66.03%</td><td>85.96%</td><td>94.13%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Google</td><td>Gemini-1.5-Pro</td><td>74.59%</td><td>73.52%</td><td>60.67%</td><td>84.27%</td><td>98.48%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Mistral</td><td>Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct</td><td>62.87%</td><td>79.11%</td><td>45.56%</td><td>47.08%</td><td>86.52%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Anthropic</td><td>Claude-3-Sonnet</td><td>70.99%</td><td>79.91%</td><td>45.44%</td><td>78.10%</td><td>96.34%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Anthropic</td><td>Claude-3-Haiku</td><td>69.23%</td><td>77.27%</td><td>50.19%</td><td>84.97%</td><td>54.08%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>OpenAI</td><td>GPT-3.5-Turbo</td><td>68.13%</td><td>74.39%</td><td>53.21%</td><td>69.40%</td><td>80.41%</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>Meta</td><td>Llama3-8B-Instruct</td><td>62.30%</td><td>68.52%</td><td>49.16%</td><td>65.09%</td><td>63.61%</td><td></td></tr>
</table>
## Limitations
The Llama-3-Refueled does not have any moderation mechanisms. We're looking forward to engaging with the community
on ways to make the model finely respect guardrails, allowing for deployment in environments requiring moderated outputs.