This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from FacebookAI/roberta-base on the all-nli dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: FacebookAI/roberta-base
Maximum Sequence Length: 256 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Training Dataset:
- all-nli
Language: en

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'The little boy is jumping into a puddle on the street.',
    'The boy is outside.',
    'The dog is playing with a ball.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Training Details

Training Dataset

all-nli

Dataset: all-nli at d482672
Size: 942,069 training samples
Columns: premise, hypothesis, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
premise hypothesis label
type string string int
details
min: 6 tokens
mean: 17.4 tokens
max: 50 tokens
min: 5 tokens
mean: 10.69 tokens
max: 31 tokens
0: ~33.40%
1: ~33.30%
2: ~33.30%

Samples:

premise	hypothesis	label
`A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.`	`A person is training his horse for a competition.`	`1`
`A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.`	`A person is at a diner, ordering an omelette.`	`2`
`A person on a horse jumps over a broken down airplane.`	`A person is outdoors, on a horse.`	`0`

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" 4}

Evaluation Dataset

all-nli

Dataset: all-nli at d482672
Size: 19,657 evaluation samples
Columns: premise, hypothesis, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
premise hypothesis label
type string string int
details
min: 6 tokens
mean: 18.46 tokens
max: 60 tokens
min: 5 tokens
mean: 10.57 tokens
max: 24 tokens
0: ~33.10%
1: ~33.30%
2: ~33.60%

Samples:

premise	hypothesis	label
`Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.`	`The sisters are hugging goodbye while holding to go packages after just eating lunch.`	`1`
`Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.`	`Two woman are holding packages.`	`0`
`Two women are embracing while holding to go packages.`	`The men are fighting outside a deli.`	`2`

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" 4}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 128
per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
learning_rate: 1e-05
warmup_ratio: 0.1
batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 128
per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 1e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 3
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss
0.0007	5	-	4.4994
0.0014	10	-	4.4981
0.0020	15	-	4.4960
0.0027	20	-	4.4930
0.0034	25	-	4.4890
0.0041	30	-	4.4842
0.0048	35	-	4.4784
0.0054	40	-	4.4716
0.0061	45	-	4.4636
0.0068	50	-	4.4543
0.0075	55	-	4.4438
0.0082	60	-	4.4321
0.0088	65	-	4.4191
0.0095	70	-	4.4042
0.0102	75	-	4.3875
0.0109	80	-	4.3686
0.0115	85	-	4.3474
0.0122	90	-	4.3236
0.0129	95	-	4.2968
0.0136	100	4.4995	4.2666
0.0143	105	-	4.2326
0.0149	110	-	4.1947
0.0156	115	-	4.1516
0.0163	120	-	4.1029
0.0170	125	-	4.0476
0.0177	130	-	3.9850
0.0183	135	-	3.9162
0.0190	140	-	3.8397
0.0197	145	-	3.7522
0.0204	150	-	3.6521
0.0211	155	-	3.5388
0.0217	160	-	3.4114
0.0224	165	-	3.2701
0.0231	170	-	3.1147
0.0238	175	-	2.9471
0.0245	180	-	2.7710
0.0251	185	-	2.5909
0.0258	190	-	2.4127
0.0265	195	-	2.2439
0.0272	200	3.6918	2.0869

Framework Versions

Python: 3.12.8
Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1
Transformers: 4.48.3
PyTorch: 2.2.0+cu121
Accelerate: 1.3.0
Datasets: 3.2.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

bibtex

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

	premise	hypothesis	label
type	string	string	int
details	min: 6 tokens mean: 17.4 tokens max: 50 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 10.69 tokens max: 31 tokens	0: ~33.40% 1: ~33.30% 2: ~33.30%

sobamchan/roberta-base-mean-softmax-200

SentenceTransformer based on FacebookAI/roberta-base

Model Details

Model Description

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

Training Details

Training Dataset

all-nli

Evaluation Dataset

all-nli

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

All Hyperparameters

Training Logs

Framework Versions

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

sobamchan/
roberta-base-mean-softmax-200