We are thrilled to release intermediate checkpoints at different training stages, including evaluation metrics, to the community. We hope this will encourage further research into foundational models for image generation.

Lastly, we introduce a new benchmark, MJHQ-30K, for automatic evaluation of a model’s aesthetic quality.

Please see our blog for more details.

Model Description

Developed by: Playground
Model type: Diffusion-based text-to-image generative model
License: Playground v2 Community License
Summary: This model generates images based on text prompts. It is a Latent Diffusion Model that uses two fixed, pre-trained text encoders (OpenCLIP-ViT/G and CLIP-ViT/L). It follows the same architecture as Stable Diffusion XL.

Using the model with 🧨 Diffusers

Install diffusers >= 0.24.0 and some dependencies:

pip install transformers accelerate safetensors

To use the model, run the following snippet.

Note: It is recommend to use guidance_scale=3.0.

python

from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
import torch

pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
    "playgroundai/playground-v2-1024px-aesthetic",
    torch_dtype=torch.float16,
    use_safetensors=True,
    add_watermarker=False,
    variant="fp16"
)
pipe.to("cuda")

prompt = "Astronaut in a jungle, cold color palette, muted colors, detailed, 8k"
image  = pipe(prompt=prompt, guidance_scale=3.0).images[0]

Using the model with Automatic1111/ComfyUI

In order to use the model with software such as Automatic1111 or ComfyUI you can use playground-v2.fp16.safetensors file.

User Study

According to user studies conducted by Playground, involving over 2,600 prompts and thousands of users, the images generated by Playground v2 are favored 2.5 times more than those produced by Stable Diffusion XL.

We report user preference metrics on PartiPrompts, following standard practice, and on an internal prompt dataset curated by the Playground team. The “Internal 1K” prompt dataset is diverse and covers various categories and tasks.

During the user study, we give users instructions to evaluate image pairs based on both (1) their aesthetic preference and (2) the image-text alignment.

MJHQ-30K Benchmark

Model	Overall FID
SDXL-1-0-refiner	9.55
playground-v2-1024px-aesthetic	7.07

We introduce a new benchmark, MJHQ-30K, for automatic evaluation of a model’s aesthetic quality. The benchmark computes FID on a high-quality dataset to gauge aesthetic quality.

We have curated a high-quality dataset from Midjourney, featuring 10 common categories, with each category containing 3,000 samples. Following common practice, we use aesthetic score and CLIP score to ensure high image quality and high image-text alignment. Furthermore, we take extra care to make the data diverse within each category.

For Playground v2, we report both the overall FID and per-category FID. All FID metrics are computed at resolution 1024x1024. Our benchmark results show that our model outperforms SDXL-1-0-refiner in overall FID and all category FIDs, especially in people and fashion categories. This is in line with the results of the user study, which indicates a correlation between human preference and FID score on the MJHQ-30K benchmark.

We release this benchmark to the public and encourage the community to adopt it for benchmarking their models’ aesthetic quality.

Intermediate Base Models

Model	FID	Clip Score
SDXL-1-0-refiner	13.04	32.62
playground-v2-256px-base	9.83	31.90
playground-v2-512px-base	9.55	32.08

Apart from playground-v2-1024px-aesthetic, we release intermediate checkpoints at different training stages to the community in order to foster foundation model research in pixels. Here, we report the FID score and CLIP score on the MSCOCO14 evaluation set for the reference purposes. (Note that our reported numbers may differ from the numbers reported in SDXL’s published results, as our prompt list may be different.)

How to cite us

@misc{playground-v2,
      url={[https://huggingface.co/playgroundai/playground-v2-1024px-aesthetic](https://huggingface.co/playgroundai/playground-v2-1024px-aesthetic)},
      title={Playground v2},
      author={Li, Daiqing and Kamko, Aleks and Sabet, Ali and Akhgari, Ehsan and Xu, Linmiao and Doshi, Suhail}
}