📊 Metrics (MTEB) in this version are better especially on ar-en metrics, but again don't just rely on them — test the model yourself and see if it fits your needs! ✅

Model description

This is a Bilingual (Arabic-English) sentence-transformers model finetuned from FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-large. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

The model handles both languages separately 🌐, but also interchangeably, which unlocks flexible applications for developers and researchers who want to further build on Arabic models! 💡

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: FacebookAI/xlm-roberta-large
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 1024 tokens
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Matryoshka Embeddings 🪆

This model supports Matryoshka embeddings, allowing you to truncate embeddings into smaller sizes to optimize performance and memory usage, based on your task requirements. Available truncation sizes include: 1024, 768, 512, 256, 128, and 64

You can select the appropriate embedding size for your use case, ensuring flexibility in resource management.

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
matryoshka_dim = 786
model = SentenceTransformer("omarelshehy/arabic-english-sts-matryoshka-v2.0", truncate_dim=matryoshka_dim)
# Run inference
sentences = [
    "She enjoyed reading books by the window as the rain poured outside.",
    "كانت تستمتع بقراءة الكتب بجانب النافذة بينما كانت الأمطار تتساقط في الخارج.",
    "Reading by the window was her favorite thing, especially during rainy days."
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

bibtex

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

bibtex

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}