NVIDIA Isaac GR00T N1.6 is an open vision-language-action (VLA) model for generalized humanoid robot skills. This cross-embodiment model takes multimodal input, including language and images, to perform manipulation tasks in diverse environments. GR00T N1.6 is trained on a diverse mixture of robot data including bimanual, semi-humanoid and an expansive humanoid dataset, consisting of real captured data, synthetic data generated using the components of NVIDIA Isaac GR00T Blueprint. It is adaptable through post-training for specific embodiments, tasks and environments.

The neural network architecture of GR00T N1.6 is a combination of vision-language foundation model and diffusion transformer head that denoises continuous actions.

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Researchers, Academics, Open-Source Community: AI-driven robotics research and algorithm development. Developers: Integrate and customize AI for various robotic applications. Startups & Companies: Accelerate robotics development and reduce training costs.

Eagle VLM: Chen, Guo, et al. "Eagle 2.5: Boosting Long-Context Post-Training for Frontier Vision-Language Models." arXiv:2504.15271 (2025).
Liu, Xingchao, and Chengyue Gong. "Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flow." The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations”.
Flow Matching Policy: Black, Kevin, et al. "π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Control." arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.24164 (2024).

Architecture Type: Vision Transformer, Multilayer Perceptron, Flow matching Transformer

GR00T N1.6 uses vision and text transformers to encode the robot's image observations and text instructions. The architecture handles a varying number of views per embodiment by concatenating image token embeddings from all frames into a sequence, followed by language token embeddings.

To model proprioception and a sequence of actions conditioned on observations, GR00T N1.6 uses a flow matching transformer. The flow matching transformer interleaves self-attention over proprioception and actions with cross-attention to the vision and language embeddings. During training, the input actions are corrupted by randomly interpolating between the clean action vector and a gaussian noise vector. At inference time, the policy first samples a gaussian noise vector and iteratively reconstructs a continuous-value action using its velocity prediction.

In GR00T N1.6, the MLP connector between the vision-language features and the diffusion-transformer (DiT) has been modified for improved performance on our sim benchmarks. Also, it was trained jointly with flow matching and world-modeling objectives.

Network Architecture: The schematic diagram is shown in the illustration above. Red, Green, Blue (RGB) camera frames are processed through a pre-trained vision transformer (SigLip2). Text is encoded by a pre-trained transformer (T5) Robot proprioception is encoded using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) indexed by the embodiment ID. To handle variable-dimension proprio, inputs are padded to a configurable max length before feeding into the MLP. Actions are encoded and velocity predictions decoded by an MLP, one per unique embodiment. The flow matching transformer is implemented as a diffusion transformer (DiT), in which the diffusion step conditioning is implemented using adaptive layernorm (AdaLN).

Output Type(s): Actions
Output Format Continuous-value vectors
Output Parameters: [Two-Dimensional (2D)]
Other Properties Related to Output: Continuous-value vectors correspond to different motor controls on a robot, which depends on Degrees of Freedom of the robot embodiment.

Our AI models are designed and/or optimized to run on NVIDIA GPU-accelerated systems. By leveraging NVIDIA’s hardware (e.g. GPU cores) and software frameworks (e.g., CUDA libraries), the model achieves faster training and inference times compared to CPU-only solutions.

Runtime Engine(s): PyTorch

Supported Hardware Microarchitecture Compatibility: All of the below:

Version 1.6

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