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FaceLiVT

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FaceLiVTv2

FaceLiVTv2: An Improved Baseline Hybrid Architecture for Efficient Mobile Face Recognition

Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science (TBIOM).

Abstract: Lightweight face recognition is increasingly important for deployment on edge and mobile devices, where strict constraints on latency, memory, and energy consumption must be met alongside reliable accuracy. Although recent hybrid CNN-Transformer architectures have advanced global context modeling, striking an effective balance between recognition performance and computational efficiency remains an open challenge. In this work, we present FaceLiVTv2, an improved version of our FaceLiVT hybrid architecture designed for efficient global–local feature interaction in mobile face recognition. At its core is Lite MHLA, a lightweight global token interaction module that replaces the original multi-layer attention design with multi-head linear token projections and affine rescale transformations, reducing redundancy while preserving representational diversity across heads. We further integrate Lite MHLA into a unified RepMix block that coordinates local and global feature interactions and adopts global depthwise convolution for adaptive spatial aggregation in the embedding stage. Extensive experiments on LFW, CA-LFW, CP-LFW, CFP-FP, AgeDB-30, and IJB show that FaceLiVTv2 consistently improves the accuracy-efficiency trade-off over existing lightweight methods. Notably, FaceLiVTv2 reduces mobile inference latency by 22% relative to FaceLiVTv1, achieves speedups of up to 30.8% over GhostFaceNets on mobile devices, and delivers 20-41% latency improvements over EdgeFace and KANFace across platforms while maintaining higher recognition accuracy.

Key Improvements over FaceLiVTv1

Component	FaceLiVTv1	FaceLiVTv2
Global Token Interaction	MHLA (2-layer MLP-style: Linear–GELU–Linear)	Lite MHLA (single linear projection per head, activation-free)
Normalization	LayerNorm	Affine Rescale Transformation (`Aff(X) = α ⊙ X + β`)
Block Design	Separate RepMix + MHLA branches	Unified RepMix–Lite MHLA block
Stage Strategy	Same mixing across all stages	Stage-specific: RepMix+FFN (stages 1-2), RepMix+LiteMHLA+FFN (stages 3-4)
Embedding Head	Global Average Pooling (GAP)	Global Depthwise Convolution (GDConv) for adaptive spatial aggregation
Complexity	`2(NrN)C` per MHLA block	`≈ N²C + ε` per Lite MHLA block

Overview

Training: FaceLiVTv2 was trained on Glint360k dataset (17M)
Task: Efficient Face Recognition Model for Mobile and Edge Devices
Framework: Pytorch
Output structure: Batch of face images

Inference

The following code shows how to use the model for inference:

python

import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from face_alignment import align
from backbones import get_model

# Choose architecture: "facelivt_s", "facelivt_m" for v1
#                      "facelivtv2_xs", "facelivtv2_s", "facelivtv2_m", "facelivtv2_l" for v2
arch="facelivtv2_s"
model=get_model(arch)

transform = transforms.Compose([
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5], std=[0.5, 0.5, 0.5]),
            ])

checkpoint_path=f'checkpoints/{arch}.pt'
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(checkpoint_path, map_location='cpu'))
model.eval()
path = 'checkpoints/synthface.jpeg'
aligned = align.get_aligned_face(path)
transformed_input = transform(aligned).unsqueeze(0)
embedding = model(transformed_input)
print(embedding.shape)

Evaluation Benchmarks

Benchmark	Type	Protocol
LFW	Face Verification	6,000 pairs
CA-LFW	Cross-Age Verification	Age variation
CP-LFW	Cross-Pose Verification	Pose variation
CFP-FP	Frontal-Profile Verification	Profile variation
AgeDB-30	Age-gap Verification	30-year age gap
IJB-B	Mixed Verification/Identification	1,845 subjects
IJB-C	Mixed Verification/Identification	3,531 subjects

Results

Comparison of FaceLiVTv2 variants with SOTA on FR benchmark dataset. FLOPs and mobile latency are measured in 112 × 112 input size on iPhone 15 Pro.

Large Models (> 600M FLOPs)

Model	Year	Param (M)	FLOPs (M)	Training Dataset	LFW	CA-LFW	CP-LFW	CFP-FP	AgeDB30	IJB-B	IJB-C	Mean Acc(%)	Mobile Latency (ms)
TransFace-S [15]	'23	86.7	5.8G	Glint360K	99.85	-	-	98.91	98.50	-	97.33	-	14.31
ResNet50-ArcFace [3]	'22	43.6	6.3G	Glint360K	99.78	-	-	98.77	98.28	-	95.65	-	3.76
VarGFaceNet [7]	'19	5.0	1022	MS1MV3	99.85	95.15	88.55	98.50	98.15	92.90	94.70	95.40	0.83
SwiftFaceFormer-L1 [11]	'24	11.8	805	MS1MV3	99.68	95.80	90.10	96.61	96.95	91.81	93.82	95.25	1.20
PocketNetM256 [38]	'22	1.75	1099	CASIA-WF	99.58	95.63	90.03	95.66	97.17	90.74	92.70	94.50	0.98
PocketNetM128 [38]	'22	1.68	1099	CASIA-WF	99.65	95.67	90.00	95.07	96.78	90.63	92.63	94.35	0.98
MixFaceNets-M [8]	'21	3.9	626	MS1MV2	99.68	-	-	-	97.05	91.55	93.42	-	0.70
:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:
KANFace-0.5 [12]	'25	6.80	397	WebFace12M	99.82	95.48	92.65	98.31	96.90	93.69	95.64	96.07	9.98
FaceLiVTv1-M [20]	'25	9.8	386	Glint360K	99.70	95.76	90.97	97.20	97.60	93.70	95.70	95.80	0.67
EdgeFace-S [10]	'24	3.6	306	WebFace12M	99.78	95.71	92.56	95.81	96.93	93.59	95.63	95.72	9.89
MobileFaceNet [6]	'21	0.99	440	MS1MV2	99.70	95.20	89.22	96.90	97.60	92.83	94.70	95.16	0.77
ShuffleFaceNet-1.5 [6], [32]	'21	2.6	577	MS1MV2	99.67	95.05	88.50	97.26	97.32	92.30	94.30	94.91	0.69
SwiftFaceFormer-S [11]	'24	6.0	485	MS1MV3	99.60	95.78	90.00	96.49	96.83	91.56	93.54	94.83	0.65
PocketNetS128 [38]	'22	0.92	587	CASIA-WF	99.58	95.48	88.63	94.21	96.10	89.44	91.62	93.58	0.88
PocketNetS256 [38]	'22	0.99	587	CASIA-WF	99.66	95.50	88.93	93.34	96.36	89.31	91.33	93.49	0.88
:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:
GhostFaceNetV1-1 [9]	'23	4.1	216	MS1MV3	99.73	95.93	91.93	96.83	98.00	93.12	94.94	95.78	0.78
KANFace-0.6 [12]	'25	4.74	240	WebFace12M	99.65	95.32	91.47	97.17	95.52	92.95	94.75	95.26	6.52
EdgeFace-XS [10]	'24	1.77	154	WebFace12M	99.73	95.28	91.82	94.37	96.00	92.67	94.85	94.96	5.82
FaceLiVTv1-S [20]	'25	5.89	237	Glint360K	99.70	95.63	90.70	95.10	96.60	91.20	92.70	94.52	0.47
:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:
GhostFaceNetV2-2 [9]	'23	6.8	77	MS1MV3	99.68	95.73	90.17	94.29	96.83	91.89	93.16	94.54	0.67
GhostFaceNetV1-2 [9]	'23	4.1	60	MS1MV3	99.68	95.60	90.07	93.31	96.92	91.25	93.45	94.33	0.60
ShuffleFaceNet-0.5 [6], [32]	'21	1.4	67	MS1MV2	99.20	-	-	92.60	93.20	-	-	-	0.45
:---	:---:	:---:	:---	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:	:---:
FaceLiVTv2-L	8.52	309	Glint360K	99.80	96.00	93.07	98.26	98.02	95.18	96.59	96.70(+0.63)	0.71(14.0×↓)
FaceLiVTv2-M	7.02	258	Glint360K	99.78	96.12	92.92	97.93	98.10	95.02	96.42	96.61(+0.83)	0.65(16.7%↓)
FaceLiVTv2-S	4.62	179	Glint360K	99.78	95.93	92.45	97.47	97.82	94.51	95.99	96.28(+0.50)	0.54(30.8%↓)
FaceLiVTv2-XS	2.9	90	Glint360K	99.63	95.58	90.38	95.23	96.68	90.67	91.25	94.20(-0.24)	0.43(35.8%↓)

novendrastywn/FaceLiVT