Falcon-40B is a 40B parameters causal decoder-only model built by TII and trained on 1,000B tokens of RefinedWeb enhanced with curated corpora. It is made available under the Apache 2.0 license.
Paper coming soon 😊.
🤗 To get started with Falcon (inference, finetuning, quantization, etc.), we recommend reading this great blogpost fron HF!
It is made available under a permissive Apache 2.0 license allowing for commercial use, without any royalties or restrictions.
⚠️ This is a raw, pretrained model, which should be further finetuned for most usecases. If you are looking for a version better suited to taking generic instructions in a chat format, we recommend taking a look at Falcon-40B-Instruct.
💸 Looking for a smaller, less expensive model?Falcon-7B is Falcon-40B's little brother!
python
1from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
2import transformers
3import torch
45model ="tiiuae/falcon-40b"67tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model)8pipeline = transformers.pipeline(9"text-generation",10 model=model,11 tokenizer=tokenizer,12 torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,13 trust_remote_code=True,14 device_map="auto",15)16sequences = pipeline(17"Girafatron is obsessed with giraffes, the most glorious animal on the face of this Earth. Giraftron believes all other animals are irrelevant when compared to the glorious majesty of the giraffe.\nDaniel: Hello, Girafatron!\nGirafatron:",18 max_length=200,19 do_sample=True,20 top_k=10,21 num_return_sequences=1,22 eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,23)24for seq in sequences:25print(f"Result: {seq['generated_text']}")26
💥 Falcon LLMs require PyTorch 2.0 for use with transformers!
Language(s) (NLP): English, German, Spanish, French (and limited capabilities in Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Romanian, Czech, Swedish);
License: Apache 2.0 license.
Model Source
Paper:coming soon.
Uses
Direct Use
Research on large language models; as a foundation for further specialization and finetuning for specific usecases (e.g., summarization, text generation, chatbot, etc.)
Out-of-Scope Use
Production use without adequate assessment of risks and mitigation; any use cases which may be considered irresponsible or harmful.
Bias, Risks, and Limitations
Falcon-40B is trained mostly on English, German, Spanish, French, with limited capabilities also in in Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Romanian, Czech, Swedish. It will not generalize appropriately to other languages. Furthermore, as it is trained on a large-scale corpora representative of the web, it will carry the stereotypes and biases commonly encountered online.
Recommendations
We recommend users of Falcon-40B to consider finetuning it for the specific set of tasks of interest, and for guardrails and appropriate precautions to be taken for any production use.
How to Get Started with the Model
python
1from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
2import transformers
3import torch
45model ="tiiuae/falcon-40b"67tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model)8pipeline = transformers.pipeline(9"text-generation",10 model=model,11 tokenizer=tokenizer,12 torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,13 trust_remote_code=True,14 device_map="auto",15)16sequences = pipeline(17"Girafatron is obsessed with giraffes, the most glorious animal on the face of this Earth. Giraftron believes all other animals are irrelevant when compared to the glorious majesty of the giraffe.\nDaniel: Hello, Girafatron!\nGirafatron:",18 max_length=200,19 do_sample=True,20 top_k=10,21 num_return_sequences=1,22 eos_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id,23)24for seq in sequences:25print(f"Result: {seq['generated_text']}")26
Training Details
Training Data
Falcon-40B was trained on 1,000B tokens of RefinedWeb, a high-quality filtered and deduplicated web dataset which we enhanced with curated corpora. Significant components from our curated copora were inspired by The Pile (Gao et al., 2020).
Decoder-block: parallel attention/MLP with a two layer norms.
For multiquery, we are using an internal variant which uses independent key and values per tensor parallel degree.
Hyperparameter
Value
Comment
Layers
60
d_model
8192
head_dim
64
Reduced to optimise for FlashAttention
Vocabulary
65024
Sequence length
2048
Compute Infrastructure
Hardware
Falcon-40B was trained on AWS SageMaker, on 384 A100 40GB GPUs in P4d instances.
Software
Falcon-40B was trained a custom distributed training codebase, Gigatron. It uses a 3D parallelism approach combined with ZeRO and high-performance Triton kernels (FlashAttention, etc.)
Citation
Paper coming soon 😊. In the meanwhile, you can use the following information to cite:
@article{falcon40b,
title={{Falcon-40B}: an open large language model with state-of-the-art performance},
author={Almazrouei, Ebtesam and Alobeidli, Hamza and Alshamsi, Abdulaziz and Cappelli, Alessandro and Cojocaru, Ruxandra and Debbah, Merouane and Goffinet, Etienne and Heslow, Daniel and Launay, Julien and Malartic, Quentin and Noune, Badreddine and Pannier, Baptiste and Penedo, Guilherme},
year={2023}
}
To learn more about the pretraining dataset, see the 📓 RefinedWeb paper.
@article{refinedweb,
title={The {R}efined{W}eb dataset for {F}alcon {LLM}: outperforming curated corpora with web data, and web data only},
author={Guilherme Penedo and Quentin Malartic and Daniel Hesslow and Ruxandra Cojocaru and Alessandro Cappelli and Hamza Alobeidli and Baptiste Pannier and Ebtesam Almazrouei and Julien Launay},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.01116},
eprint={2306.01116},
eprinttype = {arXiv},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116},
year={2023}
}
License
Falcon-40B is made available under the Apache 2.0 license.
