This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("melghorab/snowflake-arctic-embed-l0-fineTuned")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Which statistical metric indicates the maximum grade among the student grades?',
    '- Parameters:  \n\n  - `grades` (list of int): A list containing the student grades for which statistics are to be calculated.  \n\n- Return Value:  \n\n  - Returns a dictionary containing the following statistical metrics:  \n\n    - `average`: The mean of the grades in the list.  \n\n    - `median`: The median value of the grades.  \n\n    - `highest`: The maximum grade.  \n\n    - `lowest`: The minimum grade.  \n\n- Mechanism:',
    '- Mechanism:  \n\n  - The function utilizes methods from the `statistics` module to calculate the average, median, highest, and lowest values from the input list of grades, then returns these metrics in a dictionary format.\n\n\n\n**3. main()**\n\n\n\n- Purpose: This is the main execution function of the script.  \n\n- Mechanism:  \n\n  - The function orchestrates the program flow by executing the following steps:  \n\n    1. Calls `generate_student_grades(10)` to create a list of 10 random student grades.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.75
cosine_accuracy@3	1.0
cosine_accuracy@5	1.0
cosine_accuracy@10	1.0
cosine_precision@1	0.75
cosine_precision@3	0.3333
cosine_precision@5	0.2
cosine_precision@10	0.1
cosine_recall@1	0.75
cosine_recall@3	1.0
cosine_recall@5	1.0
cosine_recall@10	1.0
cosine_ndcg@10	0.9077
cosine_mrr@10	0.875
cosine_map@100	0.875

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 24 training samples
Columns: sentence_0 and sentence_1
Approximate statistics based on the first 24 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1
type string string
details
min: 14 tokens
mean: 17.79 tokens
max: 23 tokens
min: 72 tokens
mean: 92.0 tokens
max: 107 tokens

Samples:

sentence_0	sentence_1
`What is the purpose of the [object Object] function?`	- Use in Script: It is employed to generate random grades for students within the specified range of 50 to 100.[object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object]- Purpose: This function generates a list of random integers representing student grades. [object Object][object Object]- Parameters: [object Object][object Object] - [object Object] (int): Specifies the number of student grades to generate. [object Object][object Object]- Return Value:
`What parameter does the [object Object] function require?`	- Use in Script: It is employed to generate random grades for students within the specified range of 50 to 100.[object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object]- Purpose: This function generates a list of random integers representing student grades. [object Object][object Object]- Parameters: [object Object][object Object] - [object Object] (int): Specifies the number of student grades to generate. [object Object][object Object]- Return Value:
`What range of values does the function generate for student grades?`	- Use in Script: It is employed to generate random grades for students within the specified range of 50 to 100.[object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object][object Object]- Purpose: This function generates a list of random integers representing student grades. [object Object][object Object]- Parameters: [object Object][object Object] - [object Object] (int): Specifies the number of student grades to generate. [object Object][object Object]- Return Value:

Loss: MatryoshkaLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss", 3 "matryoshka_dims": [ 4 768, 5 512, 6 256, 7 128, 8 64 9 ], 10 "matryoshka_weights": [ 11 1, 12 1, 13 1, 14 1, 15 1 16 ], 17 "n_dims_per_step": -1 18}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 10
per_device_eval_batch_size: 10
num_train_epochs: 10
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 10
per_device_eval_batch_size: 10
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 5e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1
num_train_epochs: 10
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.0
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	cosine_ndcg@10
1.0	3	0.9077
2.0	6	0.9077
3.0	9	0.9077
4.0	12	0.9077
5.0	15	0.9077
6.0	18	0.9077
7.0	21	0.9077
8.0	24	0.9077
9.0	27	0.9077
10.0	30	0.9077

Framework Versions

Python: 3.11.11
Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1
Transformers: 4.48.3
PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
Accelerate: 1.3.0
Datasets: 3.3.2
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

bibtex

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

bibtex

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

	sentence_0	sentence_1
type	string	string
details	min: 14 tokens mean: 17.79 tokens max: 23 tokens	min: 72 tokens mean: 92.0 tokens max: 107 tokens