Achieves NDCG@10 = 0.7813 on the Zalo AI Legal Text Retrieval benchmark, outperforming all baselines including our previous vietlegal-e5 model.

Benchmark Results

Evaluated on MTEB ZacLegalTextRetrieval (61.4K corpus documents, 818 test queries).

Model	Params	Dim	NDCG@10	MRR@10	Recall@10
mainguyen9/vietlegal-harrier-0.6b	600M	1024	0.7813	0.7303	0.9321
mainguyen9/vietlegal-e5 (mE5-large)	560M	1024	0.7310	0.6770	0.8972
mainguyen9/vietlegal-harrier-270m	270M	1024	0.7174	0.6636	0.8864
microsoft/harrier-oss-v1-0.6b	600M	1024	0.7210	-	-
intfloat/multilingual-e5-large	560M	1024	0.6660	-	-
bkai-foundation-models/vietnamese-bi-encoder	135M	768	0.6160	-	-
contextboxai/halong_embedding	278M	768	0.6009	-	-

Key highlights:

+5.0 points NDCG@10 over vietlegal-e5 (mE5-large baseline): 0.7813 vs 0.7310
+5.3 points MRR@10: 0.7303 vs 0.6770
+3.5 points Recall@10: 0.9321 vs 0.8972
+6.0 points over original Harrier-0.6b (0.7813 vs 0.7210)
State-of-the-art on Vietnamese legal text retrieval benchmark

Usage

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

model = SentenceTransformer("mainguyen9/vietlegal-harrier-0.6b")

# Harrier uses instruction-based queries
queries = ["Instruct: Given a Vietnamese legal question, retrieve relevant legal passages that answer the question\nQuery: Thu tuc dang ky kinh doanh gom nhung buoc nao?"]
passages = ["Dieu 27. Trinh tu, thu tuc dang ky doanh nghiep..."]

q_emb = model.encode(queries)
p_emb = model.encode(passages)

similarity = q_emb @ p_emb.T

Model Details

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: microsoft/harrier-oss-v1-0.6b
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Language: Vietnamese
License: Apache 2.0

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: Qwen3Model
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Training

Training Data

Legal documents: 518K Vietnamese legal documents from th1nhng0/vietnamese-legal-documents
Query-passage pairs: 507K pairs from phamson02/large-vi-legal-queries

Training Pipeline

Stage 1: Data Preparation
|  518K docs -> ~500K chunks (article-aware segmentation)
|
Stage 2: Contrastive Fine-tuning (Round 1)
|  MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
|
Stage 3: Hard Negative Mining
|  FAISS retrieval -> mine rank 50-100 as hard negatives
|
Stage 4: Multi-task Blending (Final)
|  70% retrieval + 20% classification + 10% STS
|  -> Final model (NDCG@10 = 0.7813)

Training Hyperparameters

Learning rate: 3e-6
Batch size: 256
Epochs: 1 (multitask stage)
Warmup: 10%
Scheduler: Cosine
Precision: bf16
Hardware: NVIDIA H100 80GB

Citation

bibtex

@misc{vietlegal-harrier,
  title={VietLegal-Harrier-0.6B: Vietnamese Legal Domain Embedding Model},
  author={Nguyen, Mai},
  year={2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/mainguyen9/vietlegal-harrier-0.6b}
}

Acknowledgements

Base model: microsoft/harrier-oss-v1-0.6b
Training framework: sentence-transformers
Benchmark: Zalo AI Legal Text Retrieval