DinoVd'eau is a model built on top of dinov2 model for underwater multilabel image classification.The classification head is a combination of linear, ReLU, batch normalization, and dropout layers.

The source code for training the model can be found in this Git repository.

Developed by: lombardata, credits to César Leblanc and Victor Illien

Intended uses & limitations

You can use the raw model for classify diverse marine species, encompassing coral morphotypes classes taken from the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN), habitats classes and seagrass species.

Training and evaluation data

Details on the number of images for each class are given in the following table:

Class	train	val	test	Total
Acropore_branched	1469	464	475	2408
Acropore_digitised	568	160	160	888
Acropore_sub_massive	150	50	43	243
Acropore_tabular	999	297	293	1589
Algae_assembly	2546	847	845	4238
Algae_drawn_up	367	126	127	620
Algae_limestone	1652	557	563	2772
Algae_sodding	3148	984	985	5117
Atra/Leucospilota	1084	348	360	1792
Bleached_coral	219	71	70	360
Blurred	191	67	62	320
Dead_coral	1979	642	643	3264
Fish	2018	656	647	3321
Homo_sapiens	161	62	59	282
Human_object	157	58	55	270
Living_coral	406	154	141	701
Millepore	385	127	125	637
No_acropore_encrusting	441	130	154	725
No_acropore_foliaceous	204	36	46	286
No_acropore_massive	1031	336	338	1705
No_acropore_solitary	202	53	48	303
No_acropore_sub_massive	1401	433	422	2256
Rock	4489	1495	1473	7457
Rubble	3092	1030	1001	5123
Sand	5842	1939	1938	9719
Sea_cucumber	1408	439	447	2294
Sea_urchins	327	107	111	545
Sponge	269	96	105	470
Syringodium_isoetifolium	1212	392	391	1995
Thalassodendron_ciliatum	782	261	260	1303
Useless	579	193	193	965

Training procedure

Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during training:

Number of Epochs: 150
Learning Rate: 0.001
Train Batch Size: 32
Eval Batch Size: 32
Optimizer: Adam
LR Scheduler Type: ReduceLROnPlateau with a patience of 5 epochs and a factor of 0.1
Freeze Encoder: Yes
Data Augmentation: Yes

Data Augmentation

Data were augmented using the following transformations :

Train Transforms

PreProcess: No additional parameters
Resize: probability=1.00
RandomHorizontalFlip: probability=0.25
RandomVerticalFlip: probability=0.25
ColorJiggle: probability=0.25
RandomPerspective: probability=0.25
Normalize: probability=1.00

Val Transforms

PreProcess: No additional parameters
Resize: probability=1.00
Normalize: probability=1.00

Training results

Epoch	Validation Loss	Accuracy	F1 Macro	F1 Micro	Learning Rate
1	0.19568666815757751	0.19057519057519057	0.7088941673264713	0.4058921954514261	0.001
2	0.17198018729686737	0.21933471933471935	0.738139514768845	0.4867943512801917	0.001
3	0.16209888458251953	0.23215523215523215	0.7578947368421052	0.5587016500092944	0.001
4	0.15948981046676636	0.22487872487872487	0.7463059684835497	0.5561953540051209	0.001
5	0.15691693127155304	0.23146223146223147	0.7510718113612004	0.5723046956548954	0.001
6	0.15302371978759766	0.2363132363132363	0.7634727923836142	0.5786669115862841	0.001
7	0.1523299366235733	0.23354123354123354	0.7651630269613162	0.5981729145672101	0.001
8	0.15311872959136963	0.24185724185724186	0.7655172413793103	0.587992292024695	0.001
9	0.14992575347423553	0.24012474012474014	0.7699542669773061	0.606908576330327	0.001
10	0.1509619951248169	0.24393624393624394	0.7606115107913669	0.5829080312220596	0.001
11	0.1520717293024063	0.2505197505197505	0.7689559002963221	0.5976223089766404	0.001
12	0.15027731657028198	0.2442827442827443	0.7759986516096409	0.607405900640871	0.001
13	0.1504218876361847	0.24393624393624394	0.7623558852444365	0.6003271512523337	0.001
14	0.1496724784374237	0.24462924462924462	0.7644358114073813	0.602811285040826	0.001
15	0.14749661087989807	0.2512127512127512	0.7751615281210703	0.6066013767027806	0.001
16	0.14998775720596313	0.24636174636174638	0.7645565108923241	0.5838354990739413	0.001
17	0.15297245979309082	0.24566874566874566	0.7719883641341547	0.6073459016890155	0.001
18	0.14907290041446686	0.24393624393624394	0.7751951282271207	0.614324753279198	0.001
19	0.14951026439666748	0.23458073458073458	0.7739734788726388	0.6075499214740471	0.001
20	0.14873762428760529	0.24532224532224534	0.7636993911381718	0.595638442008225	0.001
21	0.14705629646778107	0.24740124740124741	0.780452718426063	0.6164990545073296	0.001
22	0.1508719027042389	0.24532224532224534	0.7753641707130079	0.6073576225776433	0.001
23	0.15015815198421478	0.2428967428967429	0.771920553133395	0.6127152502703448	0.001
24	0.14965225756168365	0.24012474012474014	0.7698941591532732	0.5849380548549015	0.001
25	0.14702074229717255	0.24255024255024255	0.7761348897535668	0.6035289549510865	0.001
26	0.14808295667171478	0.24220374220374222	0.7751430907604253	0.6064603919289959	0.001
27	0.14581289887428284	0.24740124740124741	0.7689308343302761	0.6135774018658996	0.001
28	0.1453842669725418	0.24462924462924462	0.7751325049960902	0.6077297645661711	0.001
29	0.14941243827342987	0.24566874566874566	0.7735191637630662	0.6107922701154117	0.001
30	0.14549985527992249	0.24982674982674982	0.7705324709843182	0.5982833860845571	0.001
31	0.14541107416152954	0.2532917532917533	0.7784728768532008	0.6068619458731248	0.001
32	0.14657220244407654	0.24532224532224534	0.7746102833519939	0.6145316287096297	0.001
33	0.14459234476089478	0.253984753984754	0.777031154551008	0.6124691593400795	0.001
34	0.1468168944120407	0.24462924462924462	0.7781283769180896	0.6168054796129936	0.001
35	0.14858707785606384	0.2494802494802495	0.7766880749869814	0.6193343400891848	0.001
36	0.14637114107608795	0.24878724878724878	0.7718835224773468	0.6092667253949349	0.001
37	0.1448281705379486	0.24982674982674982	0.7733602776435442	0.6127183895875491	0.001
38	0.1450735628604889	0.25225225225225223	0.7814896880859042	0.6109962510638844	0.001
39	0.14469724893569946	0.24982674982674982	0.7824146207942057	0.6272196317832909	0.001
40	0.14824891090393066	0.25363825363825365	0.7836651178652115	0.6265963634718456	0.0001
41	0.14141727983951569	0.2616077616077616	0.7833456473553827	0.6323784470247855	0.0001
42	0.13979895412921906	0.26195426195426197	0.7884351407000686	0.6371841233046203	0.0001
43	0.14107641577720642	0.26403326403326405	0.7871061893724783	0.6366820358518588	0.0001
44	0.13898694515228271	0.26126126126126126	0.787878787878788	0.6256922069455233	0.0001
45	0.13859130442142487	0.2664587664587665	0.7894011202068074	0.6421056073559387	0.0001
46	0.139601469039917	0.2664587664587665	0.7873893327575039	0.6283048537279357	0.0001
47	0.13869330286979675	0.2636867636867637	0.7863567238757333	0.6286555138094179	0.0001
48	0.13777127861976624	0.26784476784476785	0.7913177234660741	0.6334934953582803	0.0001
49	0.1377096027135849	0.26403326403326405	0.7933989479042932	0.6381777921693204	0.0001
50	0.13755330443382263	0.2674982674982675	0.7918342891380639	0.6362718007605523	0.0001
51	0.13754987716674805	0.2661122661122661	0.7928808087673094	0.6426825970872383	0.0001
52	0.13771678507328033	0.26576576576576577	0.7871186146434616	0.6367912909960436	0.0001
53	0.13740690052509308	0.2692307692307692	0.7928592630284527	0.640555047060403	0.0001
54	0.1368684023618698	0.27165627165627165	0.7920979171140219	0.6412320555565514	0.0001
55	0.13703426718711853	0.2702702702702703	0.7914089347079037	0.6377616721633446	0.0001
56	0.1364637017250061	0.2643797643797644	0.7931107623128156	0.6425003998141597	0.0001
57	0.13675515353679657	0.2674982674982675	0.7926408585665006	0.6381793578718891	0.0001
58	0.1364695280790329	0.2674982674982675	0.791562634524322	0.637380953089336	0.0001
59	0.13641765713691711	0.2674982674982675	0.7922245108135942	0.6428884521567982	0.0001
60	0.13687649369239807	0.26507276507276506	0.7882888744307093	0.6357999016219877	0.0001
61	0.13638463616371155	0.2713097713097713	0.7945638702508654	0.6503848519713329	0.0001
62	0.13563227653503418	0.2751212751212751	0.7931640039405492	0.6441767594174573	0.0001
63	0.1355270892381668	0.27373527373527373	0.7966116124638174	0.6515952055035917	0.0001
64	0.13592010736465454	0.26784476784476785	0.7934075342465754	0.6450040026439422	0.0001
65	0.13569533824920654	0.27061677061677064	0.7936467053015668	0.64551501310817	0.0001
66	0.13565082848072052	0.2713097713097713	0.794643237940888	0.6477176853690674	0.0001
67	0.13533934950828552	0.27546777546777546	0.7965922095536813	0.6544361257862924	0.0001
68	0.1353396475315094	0.2733887733887734	0.7955772910907932	0.6519486064773884	0.0001
69	0.13474246859550476	0.26992376992376993	0.7966188524590164	0.6515714856354324	0.0001
70	0.13504748046398163	0.272002772002772	0.7944687795241776	0.6441608871918139	0.0001
71	0.13502468168735504	0.27234927234927236	0.7933057280883367	0.6441889860402124	0.0001
72	0.1344645917415619	0.2758142758142758	0.7969950486597234	0.6484748365424647	0.0001
73	0.1341526359319687	0.27616077616077617	0.7977006599957419	0.6518769914193778	0.0001
74	0.13499116897583008	0.2751212751212751	0.7914797229603171	0.641334935505441	0.0001
75	0.13461369276046753	0.2751212751212751	0.7946678133734681	0.6485229770180625	0.0001
76	0.13438266515731812	0.2758142758142758	0.7964594201659113	0.6478195810395848	0.0001
77	0.13460540771484375	0.27754677754677753	0.7977742853502102	0.6536737916153181	0.0001
78	0.13411369919776917	0.27754677754677753	0.7978169818504888	0.6543115985953537	0.0001
79	0.13399606943130493	0.2740817740817741	0.7953020134228188	0.6523004018612216	0.0001
80	0.1344238668680191	0.27823977823977825	0.7993085420355848	0.6545582038870168	0.0001
81	0.13405664265155792	0.2758142758142758	0.7966715529878418	0.6559691700651434	0.0001
82	0.13407430052757263	0.2765072765072765	0.7947541551246537	0.6453669674995801	0.0001
83	0.1350804716348648	0.2702702702702703	0.7924365020985678	0.645966570658811	0.0001
84	0.13387472927570343	0.27546777546777546	0.7957293542577825	0.6512285101875886	0.0001
85	0.13341927528381348	0.27927927927927926	0.7990622335890879	0.6531817491521362	0.0001
86	0.13337253034114838	0.2747747747747748	0.7988261313371896	0.6595866427349153	0.0001
87	0.1339845359325409	0.27442827442827444	0.7956179390619651	0.6467323251879672	0.0001
88	0.13357459008693695	0.2747747747747748	0.7981612326551459	0.648318545746826	0.0001
89	0.13366733491420746	0.2806652806652807	0.8014968675104065	0.6585340844298272	0.0001
90	0.1332736760377884	0.2772002772002772	0.8010798042854732	0.66211749340029	0.0001
91	0.13367226719856262	0.27823977823977825	0.7956933454403943	0.6528573832362276	0.0001
92	0.13348612189292908	0.27546777546777546	0.796086375587259	0.6513649424471982	0.0001
93	0.1330718696117401	0.2758142758142758	0.8001861094662043	0.6559763883082907	0.0001
94	0.13329002261161804	0.2758142758142758	0.7995090362720617	0.6553585917255438	0.0001
95	0.13314621150493622	0.2758142758142758	0.7979651162790697	0.6579543710907207	0.0001
96	0.13279949128627777	0.2751212751212751	0.7992523999660183	0.6556445954379041	0.0001
97	0.1332886964082718	0.27823977823977825	0.7977296181630549	0.6492741904723621	0.0001
98	0.13266970217227936	0.27546777546777546	0.799611141637432	0.6600105762308898	0.0001
99	0.13253149390220642	0.27165627165627165	0.7978809757764771	0.6589970862385839	0.0001
100	0.1329408884048462	0.27616077616077617	0.797143840330351	0.6570195655430786	0.0001
101	0.13274870812892914	0.28205128205128205	0.7991615690636095	0.657951499975745	0.0001
102	0.1326293796300888	0.2817047817047817	0.7986821274228745	0.654306822863844	0.0001
103	0.13247379660606384	0.2803187803187803	0.7993688968487486	0.6518495856500403	0.0001
104	0.13315415382385254	0.27754677754677753	0.8010850676047981	0.6612536009112525	0.0001
105	0.13218620419502258	0.2830907830907831	0.8012698412698412	0.6635718544409769	0.0001
106	0.13239973783493042	0.2830907830907831	0.800988243312319	0.6588128942023547	0.0001
107	0.13358280062675476	0.2785862785862786	0.7985513421389007	0.650564106362156	0.0001
108	0.13270235061645508	0.2796257796257796	0.7995554225623049	0.6501303094783896	0.0001
109	0.1318453699350357	0.2806652806652807	0.8000342553738118	0.6579556871315007	0.0001
110	0.13255637884140015	0.2803187803187803	0.7997274043785672	0.6582487839550253	0.0001
111	0.1319260448217392	0.2785862785862786	0.8012935069355799	0.6608614747058748	0.0001
112	0.13223350048065186	0.28101178101178104	0.8019278738426415	0.6595016342799644	0.0001
113	0.13213913142681122	0.27997227997227997	0.8024988392216453	0.6592029124671744	0.0001
114	0.13204564154148102	0.2823977823977824	0.8025030654094965	0.663088095209859	0.0001
115	0.1319342404603958	0.28378378378378377	0.8004266211604096	0.659797224924612	0.0001
116	0.13186337053775787	0.2844767844767845	0.8022295974810655	0.6627361818946377	1e-05
117	0.1317850947380066	0.28205128205128205	0.8012607547491268	0.6604165936303265	1e-05
118	0.13159342110157013	0.2796257796257796	0.8002395926924228	0.6590147410119703	1e-05
119	0.1319129317998886	0.28274428274428276	0.8036745185622182	0.6608406822787987	1e-05
120	0.13164088129997253	0.28135828135828134	0.803593372600534	0.6614581971670047	1e-05
121	0.13184630870819092	0.28101178101178104	0.8012604863092451	0.6610641151618838	1e-05
122	0.13215216994285583	0.2817047817047817	0.8049611099432415	0.6647378818356079	1e-05
123	0.13187836110591888	0.2817047817047817	0.8010107932156931	0.6604978306251739	1e-05
124	0.13141389191150665	0.2806652806652807	0.8018739352640545	0.6621515776947642	1e-05
125	0.13139639794826508	0.2862092862092862	0.804345987993574	0.6640721616133445	1e-05
126	0.13103623688220978	0.2862092862092862	0.804212663367593	0.663003919720051	1e-05
127	0.13152988255023956	0.28586278586278585	0.8038346213944846	0.6597731906072118	1e-05
128	0.13113313913345337	0.2869022869022869	0.8042412977357216	0.668197478893632	1e-05
129	0.13096605241298676	0.28274428274428276	0.8034694309287074	0.6652814888251478	1e-05
130	0.1310083270072937	0.28655578655578656	0.8034491503931017	0.6657375892895663	1e-05
131	0.13133247196674347	0.2834372834372834	0.8052362171687506	0.6709132204127336	1e-05
132	0.13149647414684296	0.2806652806652807	0.7985562048814026	0.6557913726655867	1e-05
133	0.1311328113079071	0.28794178794178793	0.8051816958277256	0.6689392948255155	1e-05
134	0.1308571696281433	0.28274428274428276	0.802060714437774	0.6648386499372343	1e-05
135	0.13148072361946106	0.2869022869022869	0.8038277511961722	0.6684163123065296	1e-05
136	0.13150115311145782	0.28274428274428276	0.8024591213764248	0.659009971789042	1e-05
137	0.1310679018497467	0.28586278586278585	0.8035592643051771	0.6666808903899752	1e-05
138	0.13124705851078033	0.2844767844767845	0.8035426731078905	0.6665598962110765	1e-05
139	0.13104070723056793	0.28967428967428965	0.8052538519828238	0.6661043989752415	1e-05
140	0.13169734179973602	0.2834372834372834	0.8020416843896214	0.663466069531375	1e-05
141	0.13089434802532196	0.2875952875952876	0.8046521463311481	0.6687691213000826	1.0000000000000002e-06
142	0.13103386759757996	0.28586278586278585	0.8041640110473762	0.6642894279153319	1.0000000000000002e-06
143	0.13144278526306152	0.2872487872487873	0.8019270122783083	0.6623287859816251	1.0000000000000002e-06
144	0.1311902105808258	0.28378378378378377	0.8024974515800204	0.6647534218687892	1.0000000000000002e-06

CO2 Emissions

The estimated CO2 emissions for training this model are documented below:

Emissions: 1.6281850650290761 grams of CO2
Source: Code Carbon
Training Type: fine-tuning
Geographical Location: Brest, France
Hardware Used: NVIDIA Tesla V100 PCIe 32 Go

Framework Versions

Transformers: 4.41.1
Pytorch: 2.3.0+cu121
Datasets: 2.19.1
Tokenizers: 0.19.1

lombardata/DinoVdeau-small-2024_08_31-batch-size32_epochs150_freeze

Model description