Parameter	Value
Base model	`OpenMOSS-Team/MOSS-Audio-8B-Instruct`
LoRA rank	128
LoRA alpha	256
Target modules	All LM linear layers (q/k/v/o/up/gate/down_proj)
Training samples	10,998 unique soundscapes
Epochs	2
Best checkpoint	Step 2750 (epoch 2)
Eval loss	2.76
Adapter size	667 MB
Training hardware	8x A100 80GB (DeepSpeed ZeRO-2)
PEFT version	0.18.0

Training Data

Trained on laion/in-the-wild-soundscapes-gemini2.5-pro — 10,998 real-world soundscape recordings annotated by Gemini 2.5 Pro with timestamped sound event captions.

Each training sample consists of:

Audio: Real-world soundscape (resampled to 16 kHz)
Prompt: "Please describe all audio events in this audio together with start time, end time, and caption for {medium/short} segments that are {overlapping/not overlapping}."
Target: JSON array of {"caption": "...", "start_time": float, "end_time": float}

Quick Start

Inference

python

import torch
from peft import PeftModel

# You need the MOSS-Audio source code:
# git clone https://github.com/OpenMOSS/MOSS-Audio
import sys; sys.path.insert(0, "MOSS-Audio")
from src.modeling_moss_audio import MossAudioModel
from src.processing_moss_audio import MossAudioProcessor
from src.audio_io import load_audio

BASE_MODEL = "OpenMOSS-Team/MOSS-Audio-8B-Instruct"
LORA_REPO = "laion/moss-audio-sfx-lora-v4"

# Load base model + LoRA
processor = MossAudioProcessor.from_pretrained(BASE_MODEL, trust_remote_code=True)
model = MossAudioModel.from_pretrained(
    BASE_MODEL, trust_remote_code=True,
    dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="cuda:0",
)
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, LORA_REPO)
model = model.merge_and_unload()
model.eval()

# Run inference
prompt = "Please describe all audio events in this audio together with start time, end time, and caption for medium segments that are overlapping."
audio = load_audio("your_audio.wav", sample_rate=processor.config.mel_sr)

inputs = processor(text=prompt, audios=[audio], return_tensors="pt").to("cuda:0")
if inputs.get("audio_data") is not None:
    inputs["audio_data"] = inputs["audio_data"].to(torch.bfloat16)
inputs["audio_input_mask"] = inputs["input_ids"] == processor.audio_token_id

with torch.no_grad():
    gen = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=4096, do_sample=False, use_cache=True)

output = processor.decode(gen[0, inputs["input_ids"].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(output)

Example Output

json

[
  {"caption": "Birds chirping and singing in a forest setting", "start_time": 0.0, "end_time": 8.5},
  {"caption": "Wind rustling through leaves and branches", "start_time": 2.3, "end_time": 12.0},
  {"caption": "A dog barking twice in the distance", "start_time": 6.1, "end_time": 7.8},
  {"caption": "Car engine passing on a nearby road", "start_time": 9.0, "end_time": 13.2}
]

Prompt Variants

The model supports 4 prompt configurations via {segment_duration} and {overlapping}:

Configuration	Typical Output
`medium`, `overlapping`	6-10 events, broader windows, recommended for downstream use
`medium`, `not overlapping`	5-8 events, non-overlapping windows
`short`, `overlapping`	10-15 events, fine-grained
`short`, `not overlapping`	8-12 events, non-overlapping

Recommended: medium + overlapping — produces broader predictions that a downstream model (e.g., MOSS-Audio-8B-Thinking) can refine into specific events.

Training

See train.py in this repository for the full training script. Key command:

bash

accelerate launch \
    --num_processes 8 \
    --use_deepspeed \
    --deepspeed_config_file ds_config_zero2.json \
    train.py \
    --model_dir OpenMOSS-Team/MOSS-Audio-8B-Instruct \
    --data_path soundscapes_train/train.jsonl \
    --output_dir ./lora_output \
    --use_lora True \
    --lora_rank 128 \
    --lora_alpha 256 \
    --num_train_epochs 2 \
    --per_device_train_batch_size 1 \
    --gradient_accumulation_steps 1 \
    --learning_rate 5e-5 \
    --lr_scheduler_type cosine \
    --warmup_ratio 0.05 \
    --bf16 True \
    --gradient_checkpointing True \
    --max_len 8192

Training Hyperparameters

Parameter	Value
Learning rate	5e-5
Scheduler	Cosine
Warmup	5% of steps
Weight decay	0.01
Batch size	1 per device
Grad accumulation	1
Precision	bf16
Max sequence length	8192 tokens
DeepSpeed	ZeRO-2

Version History

Version	Rank	Data	Eval Loss	Notes
v1	64	5K samples	3.4	Initial experiment
v2	64	8K samples	3.1	More data
v3	64	10K samples	2.9	Full dataset
v4	128	10,998 samples	2.76	Best: higher rank
v5	128	22K mixed	5.53	Mixed LAION+Gemini data, regression

Use in the Universal Audio Annotation Pipeline

This LoRA adapter is a component of the Universal Audio Annotation Pipeline. In the full pipeline:

Three ASR systems transcribe speech (VibeVoice, Parakeet, Qwen3)
Whisper experts analyze voice attributes (emotion, timbre, style)
This LoRA model detects sound events (SFX, music, ambient sounds)
MOSS-Audio-8B-Thinking combines all upstream context into structured annotations

Citation

bibtex

@misc{moss-audio-sfx-lora-v4,
  title={MOSS-Audio SFX LoRA v4: Sound Event Detection Adapter},
  author={LAION},
  year={2025},
  url={https://huggingface.co/laion/moss-audio-sfx-lora-v4},
}

License

Apache 2.0