Model Card for Model ID
This is a
BERTimbau-base fine-tuned model on 5K (premise, hypothesis) sentence pairsfrom
the
PLUE/MNLI (Portuguese translation of the SNLI's GLUE benchmark) corpus. The original references are:
Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Representation Learning At Scale,
PLUE, respectivelly. This model is suitable for Portuguese.
Model Details
Model Description
- Developed by: Giovani Tavares and Felipe Ribas Serras
- Oriented By: Felipe Ribas Serras, Renata Wassermann and Marcelo Finger
- Model type: Transformer-based text classifier
- Language(s) (NLP): Portuguese
- License: mit
- Finetuned from model BERTimbau-base
Model Sources
- Repository: Natural-Portuguese-Language-Inference
- Paper: This is an ongoing research. We are currently writing a paper where we fully describe our experiments.
Uses
Direct Use
This fine-tuned version of
BERTimbau-base performs Natural
Language Inference (NLI), which is a text classification task.
The (premise, hypothesis) entailment definition used is the same as the one found in Salvatore's paper [1].
Therefore, this fine-tuned version of
BERTimbau-base classifies pairs of sentences in the form
(premise, hypothesis) into the classes
entailment,
neutral and
contradiction.
Demo
1from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
2import torch
3
4model_path = "giotvr/bertimbau_large_plue_mnli_fine_tuned"
5premise = "As mudanças climáticas são uma ameaça séria para a biodiversidade do planeta."
6hypothesis ="A biodiversidade do planeta é seriamente ameaçada pelas mudanças climáticas."
7tokenizer = XLMRobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, use_auth_token=True)
8input_pair = tokenizer(premise, hypothesis, return_tensors="pt",padding=True, truncation=True)
9model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_path, use_auth_token=True)
10
11with torch.no_grad():
12 logits = model(**input_pair).logits
13probs = torch.nn.functional.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
14probs, sorted_indices = torch.sort(probs, descending=True)
15for i, score in enumerate(probs[0]):
16 print(f"Class {sorted_indices[0][i]}: {score.item():.4f}")
Recommendations
This model should be used for scientific purposes only. It was not tested for production environments.
Fine-Tuning Details
Fine-Tuning Data
-
-
Evaluation Dataset used for Hyperparameter Tuning: PLUE/MNLI's validation split
-
Test Datasets:
- ASSIN's test split
- ASSIN2's test split
- PLUE/MNLI's validation matched split
This is a fine tuned version of
BERTimbau-base using the
ASSIN2 (Avaliação de Similaridade Semântica e Inferência textual) dataset.
ASSIN2 is a corpus annotated with hypothesis/premise Portuguese sentence pairs suitable for detecting textual entailment or neutral
relationship between the members of such pairs. Such corpus is balanced with 7k
ptbr (Brazilian Portuguese) sentence pairs.
Fine-Tuning Procedure
The model's fine-tuning procedure can be summarized in three major subsequent tasks:
- Data Processing:
PLUE/MNLI's validation and train splits were loaded from the Hugging Face Hub and processed afterwards;
- Hyperparameter Tuning:
BERTimbau-base's hyperparameters were chosen with the help of the [Weights & Biases] API to track the results and upload the fine-tuned models;
- Final Model Loading and Testing:
using the cross-tests approach described in the this section, the models' performance were measured using different datasets and metrics.
Hyperparameter Tuning
The following hyperparameters were tested in order to maximize the evaluation accuracy.
- Number of Training Epochs: $(4,5,6)$
- Per Device Train Batch Size: $(8,16,32)$
- Learning Rate: $(3e−5, 2e−5, 3e−5)$
The hyperparemeter tuning experiments were run and tracked using the
Weights & Biases' API and can be found at this
link.
Training Hyperparameters
The
hyperparameter tuning performed yelded the following values:
- Number of Training Epochs: $6$
- Per Device Train Batch Size: $16$
- Learning Rate: $5e-5$
Evaluation
ASSIN
Testing this model in ASSIN's test split required some translation of the
NONE and
PARAPHRASE classes found in it, because such classes are not present in PLUE/MNLI. The
NONE class was considered
contradiction or
neutral, and
PARAPHRASE was considered
entailment in both ways: from premise to hypothesis and from hypothesis to premise. More details on such translation can be found in
Modelos para Inferência em Linguagem Natural que entendem a Língua Portuguesa.
ASSIN2
Testing this model in ASSIN2's test split required some translation of the
NONE classe found in it, because such class is not present in PLUE/MNLI. The
NONE class was considered
contradiction or
neutral. More details on such translation can be found in
Modelos para Inferência em Linguagem Natural que entendem a Língua Portuguesa.
PLUE/MNLI
Testing this model in PLUE/MNLI's test set was straightforward as it was fine-tuned in its training set.
Metrics
The model's performance metrics for each test dataset are presented separately. Accuracy, f1 score, precision and recall were the metrics used to every evaluation performed. Such metrics are reported below. More information on such metrics them will be available in our ongoing research paper.
Results
| test set | accuracy | f1 score | precision | recall |
|---|
| assin | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.73 |
| assin2 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.87 |
| plue/mnli | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.84 |
Model Examination
Some interpretability work is being done in order to understand the model's behavior. Such details will be available in the previoulsy referred paper.
References
