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facebook/
PE-Spatial-S16-512

Name: PE-Spatial-S16-512
Rating: 2.5 (152 reviews)

perception-encoder

image-feature-extraction

2504.13181

apache-2.0

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Model Details

[📃 Tech Report] [📂 Github]

Perception Encoder (PE) is a state-of-the-art encoder for image and video understanding trained via simple vision-language learning. It was introduced in "Perception Encoder: The best visual embeddings are not at the output of the network".

Model Developer: Meta

Model Overview: Perception Encoder (PE) is a family of large-scale vision encoder models with state-of-the-art performance on a large variety of vision tasks. By using a robust contrastive pretraining recipe and finetuning on synthetically aligned videos, PE not only outperforms all existing models on classification and retrieval, but it also internally produces strong, general features that scale for downstream tasks. PE unlocks the ability for large-scale contrastive pretraining to transfer to downstream tasks with alignment tuning to capitalize on those general features.

Perception Encoder: Core

PE core is our base model trained with our robust image pretraining schedule and finetuned on the data generated by our synthetic video data engine.

Model Configurations

PE core curently comes in 3 sizes. PE core G is the main checkpoint, with L and B models distilled from it.

Scale	Tower	Params	Width	Depth	MLP	Heads	CLIP Dim	Resolution / Context Len
B/16	Vision	0.09B	768	12	3072	12	1024	224px
	Text	0.31B	1024	24	4096	16	1024	32 tokens
L/14	Vision	0.32B	1024	24	4096	16	1024	336px
	Text	0.31B	1024	24	4096	16	1024	32 tokens
G/14	Vision	1.88B	1536	50	8960	16	1280	448px
	Text	0.47B	1280	24	5120	20	1280	72 tokens

All PE core models use an attention pooling block with 8 heads on top of the vision tower. The L and B models additionally have a class token for global aggregation. See the paper for more details.

Model Performance

PE core obtains extremely strong results across the board on zero-shot image classification and retrieval as well as zero-shot video classification and retrieval. We present a sample of its performance across those domains below.

Model	Checkpoint	IN-1k	IN-v2	IN-A	ObjectNet	COCO-T2I	Kinetics-400	VTT-T2I
B/16 224px	PE-Core-B16-224	78.4	71.7	62.4	71.9	50.9	65.6	47.6
L/14 336px	PE-Core-L14-336	83.5	77.9	89.0	84.7	57.1	73.4	50.3
G/14 448px	PE-Core-G14-448	85.4	80.2	92.6	88.2	58.1	76.9	51.2

PE core performs particularly well on the hard benchmarks such as ObjectNet and ImageNet-A.

How to use

Model loading code

We provide the model loading code in https://github.com/facebookresearch/perception_models

shell

git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/perception_models.git
cd perception_models
conda create --name perception_models python=3.12
conda activate perception_models
# Install PyTorch
pip install torch==2.5.1 torchvision==0.20.1 torchaudio==2.5.1 xformers --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu124
# We use torchcodec for decoding videos into PyTorch tensors
conda install ffmpeg -c conda-forge
pip install torchcodec==0.1 --index-url=https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu124
pip install -e .

This will install an editable version of repo, allowing you to make changes to the code without needing to reinstall the package every time.

Image and Text Feature extraction with a Trained Model

python

import torch
from PIL import Image
import core.vision_encoder.pe as pe
import core.vision_encoder.transforms as transforms

print("CLIP configs:", pe.CLIP.available_configs())
# CLIP configs: ['PE-Core-G14-448', 'PE-Core-L14-336', 'PE-Core-B16-224']

model = pe.CLIP.from_config("PE-Core-L14-336", pretrained=True)  # Downloads from HF
model = model.cuda()

preprocess = transforms.get_image_transform(model.image_size)
tokenizer = transforms.get_text_tokenizer(model.context_length)

image = preprocess(Image.open("docs/assets/cat.png")).unsqueeze(0).cuda()
text = tokenizer(["a diagram", "a dog", "a cat"]).cuda()

with torch.no_grad(), torch.autocast("cuda"):
    image_features, text_features, logit_scale = model(image, text)
    text_probs = (logit_scale * image_features @ text_features.T).softmax(dim=-1)

print("Label probs:", text_probs)  # prints: [[0.0, 0.0, 1.0]]

You can find more details in the GitHub repo.

Citation

If you find our code useful for your research, please consider citing:

@article{bolya2025PerceptionEncoder,
  title={Perception Encoder: The best visual embeddings are not at the output of the network},
  author={Daniel Bolya and Po-Yao Huang and Peize Sun and Jang Hyun Cho and Andrea Madotto and Chen Wei and Tengyu Ma and Jiale Zhi and Jathushan Rajasegaran and Hanoona Rasheed and Junke Wang and Marco Monteiro and Hu Xu and Shiyu Dong and Nikhila Ravi and Daniel Li and Piotr Doll{\'a}r and Christoph Feichtenhofer},
  journal={arXiv},
  year={2025}
}

@article{cho2025PerceptionLM,
  title={PerceptionLM: Open-Access Data and Models for Detailed Visual Understanding},
  author={Jang Hyun Cho and Andrea Madotto and Effrosyni Mavroudi and Triantafyllos Afouras and Tushar Nagarajan and Muhammad Maaz and Yale Song and Tengyu Ma and Shuming Hu and Hanoona Rasheed and Peize Sun and Po-Yao Huang and Daniel Bolya and Suyog Jain and Miguel Martin and Huiyu Wang and Nikhila Ravi and Shashank Jain and Temmy Stark and Shane Moon and Babak Damavandi and Vivian Lee and Andrew Westbury and Salman Khan and Philipp Kr\"{a}henb\"{u}hl and Piotr Doll{\'a}r and Lorenzo Torresani and Kristen Grauman and Christoph Feichtenhofer},
  journal={arXiv},
  year={2025}
}

facebook/PE-Spatial-S16-512