Part of the TrustChainAI project — an AI-powered smart contract auditor with explainability and ethics monitoring, built to make blockchain security accessible to African and emerging-market Web3 ecosystems.

Model Performance

Metric	Score
F1 (weighted, test set)	98.6%
Eval Loss	0.0428
Test Samples	1,032 contracts
Classes	13 vulnerability categories

How to Use

python

from transformers import pipeline

classifier = pipeline(
    "text-classification",
    model="emekaphilians/trustchainai-codebert"
)

contract = """
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract Vulnerable {
    mapping(address => uint) public balances;
    function withdraw() external {
        uint amt = balances[msg.sender];
        (bool ok,) = msg.sender.call{value: amt}("");
        balances[msg.sender] = 0;
    }
}
"""

result = classifier(contract[:512])
print(result)
# [{'label': 'reentrancy', 'score': 0.997}]

Label Schema

ID	Label	Description
0	safe	No vulnerability detected
1	reentrancy	Reentrancy attack (DAO-style)
2	integer_overflow	Arithmetic overflow / underflow
3	access_control	Unprotected ownership or selfdestruct
4	tx_origin_phishing	tx.origin used for authentication
5	dos_gas	Unbounded loop / gas exhaustion
6	unchecked_call	External call return value ignored
7	front_running_mev	Mempool-visible state / TOD
8	timestamp_dependence	block.timestamp manipulation
9	proxy_storage_collision	Delegatecall storage slot collision
10	flash_loan_oracle	Oracle price manipulation via flash loan
11	flash_loan_single_block	Single-block liquidity attack
12	misnamed_constructor	Pre-Solidity-0.5 constructor naming bug
13	other	Multi-class or miscellaneous vulnerability

Training Data

Assembled from four open-source sources using the prepare_datasets.py pipeline:

Source	Contracts
SmartBugs Curated	143
SolidiFI Benchmark	1,700
DeFiHackLabs	729
Not-So-Smart Contracts	25
Synthetic augmentation	3,600
Total (after dedup)	6,879

Split: 70% train / 15% val / 15% test (stratified by label).

Training Details

Parameter	Value
Base model	microsoft/codebert-base
Epochs	5 (best checkpoint at epoch 2)
Batch size	16
Learning rate	2e-5
Optimizer	AdamW (weight decay 0.01, warmup 100 steps)
Max token length	512
Mixed precision	fp16
Hardware	Google Colab T4 GPU

Intended Use

Pre-deployment security screening of Solidity smart contracts
Automated vulnerability triage for DeFi protocols
Research baseline for smart contract security ML benchmarks
Integration into the TrustChainAI multi-agent audit pipeline

Out-of-Scope Use

This model is not a substitute for a full professional security audit on high-value contracts
Performance on Vyper, Yul, or non-EVM contracts is untested
The tx_origin_phishing class has limited real training samples (28); treat predictions for this class with extra caution

Limitations & Bias

Synthetic augmentation was used for 9 of 13 classes to compensate for dataset scarcity. Synthetic contracts may not fully capture real-world obfuscation patterns.
The tx_origin_phishing class had only 28 real-world training samples; model confidence for this class may be lower in practice.
Training data skews toward older Solidity vulnerability patterns (pre-0.8). Newer attack vectors may be underrepresented.

Citation

bibtex

@misc{trustchainai2025,
  author = {Emeka Philian},
  title  = {TrustChainAI: AI-Powered Smart Contract Auditor},
  year   = {2025},
  url    = {https://github.com/emekaphilian/TrustChainAI}
}

emekaphilians/trustchainai-codebert

trustchainai-codebert