RF-DETR Small Finetuned on Global Wheat Head Dataset
Fine-tuned RF-DETR Small object detector on the Global Wheat Head Dataset benchmark dataset, trained and evaluated as part of DetectionBench -- a framework for reproducibly benchmarking modern object detectors with identical training recipes and evaluation metrics across multiple real-world datasets.
Metrics reported in this model card are computed on the Global Wheat Head Dataset test split, using DetectionBench's standard evaluation pipeline (detectionbench-evaluate).
Global Wheat Head Dataset Model Zoo
Every model DetectionBench has trained and evaluated on Global Wheat Head Dataset so far, for full transparency -- see DetectionBench for the smaller, curated comparison set used on the project README.
Model
mAP@50
mAP@50-95
Precision
Recall
YOLOv11x
74.25
34.92
83.37
67.92
YOLOv26m
71.58
33.48
79.94
62.74
YOLOv26s
70.49
31.39
79.47
63.43
YOLOv8m
69.55
29.34
80.69
63.74
YOLOv8s
68.29
29.48
79.89
62.52
RF-DETR Medium
67.1
27.11
78.6
65.66
YOLOv8n
66.19
28.21
78.69
60.3
RF-DETR Small
64.51
26.12
77.6
63.61
RF-DETR Nano
53.82
19.65
72.52
53.64
Per-Class Performance
Class
mAP@50
mAP@50-95
wheat_head
64.51
26.12
Per-Country Performance
Domain shift can matter more than the aggregate score above for field deployment, so this evaluates the same test split broken down by the contributing country/institution, using per-image domain metadata (domain_metadata.json in this repository) compiled by this project for this stratified evaluation -- not a file shipped with the original GWHD release. Each row below is computed by re-running this exact model's evaluation restricted to that country's images only -- the same mAP definition as the aggregate number above (Ultralytics' model.val() for YOLO, Supervision's MeanAveragePrecision for RF-DETR), just on a filtered subset, not a separate metric implementation. One test image with no resolvable country in the source metadata (a documented upstream duplicate-filename quirk) is excluded from every row below.
Country
mAP@50
mAP@50-95
Test Images
Australia
55.34
21.2
281
China
83.83
38.19
200
Japan
69.56
37.73
60
Mexico
63.8
25.41
205
Sudan
72.84
32.3
30
US
64.84
24.91
605
See country_breakdown.json (results) and domain_metadata.json (the country/growth-stage mapping used to compute them) in this repository for the raw data behind this table.
Evaluation Visualizations
This model was evaluated with Supervision's detection metrics, which report mAP/Precision/Recall directly but don't produce PR-curve, F1-curve, or confusion-matrix plot images the way Ultralytics' validator does. See the Performance table above for Precision/Recall/F1 and the per-class table above for the full per-class mAP breakdown.
Dataset
This model was trained on Global Wheat Head Dataset. For the full dataset description, provenance, license, and citation, see the dataset card:
This model was trained using DetectionBench, an open-source framework for benchmarking object detectors across multiple real-world datasets with a common pipeline.
Features include:
A dataset-adapter registry for converting real-world datasets into a canonical format
Identical training/evaluation recipes across model families (Ultralytics YOLO/RT-DETR, RF-DETR)
One-command reproducibility via versioned Hydra configs
If you find this model useful, please consider starring the repository.
Known Limitations
Single-class, dense-detection dataset: every box is wheat_head, so per-class breakdowns collapse to one row -- the challenge here is localization density, not class discrimination.
Very dense annotations: ~45 wheat heads per image on average (up to 129 in a single image), with roughly 54% of boxes covering under 0.5% of the image area -- heavy box overlap and occlusion between adjacent heads is common.
A small fraction of images (~1.4% of the training split) contain zero wheat heads and are still included with empty ground truth, matching the official release's convention.
Assembled from field images across multiple countries/institutions with varying genotypes, growth stages, and imaging conditions -- performance on wheat varieties or field conditions not represented in this mix is untested.
Distributed under CC BY 4.0 (attribution required, commercial use permitted) -- see the dataset card for the full license text and provenance.
Citation
If you use this model in your research, please consider citing:
The Global Wheat Head Dataset dataset (see below)
The original RF-DETR Small architecture (see below)
The other model architectures shown in the Model Zoo/External Comparison tables above, if you reference their results
DetectionBench, the training/evaluation framework used to produce this checkpoint
@article{david2021global,
title = {Global Wheat Head Dataset 2021: more diversity to improve the benchmarking of wheat head localization methods},
author = {David, Etienne and Serouart, Mario and Smith, Daniel and Madec, Simon and Velumani, Kaaviya and Liu, Shouyang and Wang, Xu and Pinto Espinosa, Francisco and Shafiee, Shahameh and Tahir, Izzat S. A. and Tsujimoto, Hisashi and Nasuda, Shuhei and Zheng, Bangyou and Kichgessner, Norbert and Aasen, Helge and Hund, Andreas and Sadhegi-Tehran, Pouria and Nagasawa, Koichi and Ishikawa, Goro and Dandrifosse, S{\'e}bastien and Carlier, Alexis and Mercatoris, Benoit and Kuroki, Ken and Wang, Haozhou and Ishii, Masanori and Badhon, Minhajul A. and Pozniak, Curtis and LeBauer, David Shaner and Lilimo, Morten and Poland, Jesse and Chapman, Scott and de Solan, Benoit and Baret, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Stavness, Ian and Guo, Wei},
journal = {Plant Phenomics},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.34133/2021/9846158}
}
@article{david2020global,
title = {Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) Dataset: A Large and Diverse Dataset of High-Resolution RGB-Labelled Images to Develop and Benchmark Wheat Head Detection Methods},
author = {David, Etienne and Madec, Simon and Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria and Aasen, Helge and Zheng, Bangyou and Liu, Shouyang and Kirchgessner, Norbert and Ishikawa, Goro and Nagasawa, Koichi and Badhon, Minhajul A. and Pozniak, Curtis and de Solan, Benoit and Hund, Andreas and Chapman, Scott C. and Baret, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Stavness, Ian and Guo, Wei},
journal = {Plant Phenomics},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.34133/2020/3521852}
}
bibtex
1@inproceedings{robinson2026rfdetr,
2 title = {RF-DETR: Real-Time Detection Transformer},
3 author = {Robinson, Isaac and Robicheaux, Peter and Popov, Matvei and Ramanan, Deva and Peri, Neehar},
4 booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
5 year = {2026},
6 url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09554}
7}
89@article{oquab2023dinov2,
10 title={DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision},
11 author={Oquab, Maxime and Darcet, Timoth{\'e}e and Moutakanni, Theo and Vo, Huy and Szafraniec, Marc and Khalidov, Vasil and Fernandez, Pierre and Haziza, Daniel and Massa, Francisco and El-Nouby, Alaaeldin and others},
12 journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.07193},
13 year={2023}
14}
Other architectures compared against on Global Wheat Head Dataset in this model card:
YOLOv11
bibtex
1No official YOLO11 research paper has been published by Ultralytics; the most commonly cited independent architectural analysis is used instead:
23@article{khanam2024yolov11,
4 title={YOLOv11: An Overview of the Key Architectural Enhancements},
5 author={Khanam, Rahima and Hussain, Muhammad},
6 journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.17725},
7 year={2024}
8}
YOLOv26
bibtex
1@article{jocher2026yolo26,
2 title={Ultralytics YOLO26: Unified Real-Time End-to-End Vision Models},
3 author={Jocher, Glenn and Qiu, Jing and Liu, Mengyu and Lyu, Shuai and Akyon, Fatih Cagatay and Kalfaoglu, Muhammet Esat},
4 journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.03748},
5 year={2026}
6}
YOLOv8
bibtex
1No official YOLOv8 research paper has been published by Ultralytics; this is their own recommended software citation instead:
23@software{jocher2023yolov8,
4 author = {Glenn Jocher and Ayush Chaurasia and Jing Qiu},
5 title = {Ultralytics YOLOv8},
6 version = {8.0.0},
7 year = {2023},
8 url = {https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics},
9 license = {AGPL-3.0}
10}
bibtex
1@software{Saksena_DetectionBench_2026,
2 author = {Saksena, Saumya Kumaar},
3 title = {DetectionBench: Reproducible Benchmarks for Modern Object Detectors on Real-World Datasets},
4 url = {https://github.com/dronefreak/DetectionBench},
5 year = {2026}
6}
