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cstr/
awesome-align-onnx

Name: awesome-align-onnx
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Awesome-Align mBERT (ONNX FP32)

This repository contains an ONNX export of bert-base-multilingual-cased specifically optimized for word alignment using the awesome-align methodology.

Model Details

Base Model: bert-base-multilingual-cased
Truncation: This model is truncated to the first 8 layers. According to the awesome-align research, Layer 8 provides the optimal "sweet spot" for extracting cross-lingual word embeddings for alignment.
Format: ONNX (Full precision FP32)
Size: ~596 MB

Usage

This model is intended to be used with onnxruntime to extract embeddings for source and target sentences. It is truncated to Layer 8, the optimal layer for cross-lingual feature extraction. Alignments are then calculated using Cosine Similarity and Mutual Argmax (Intersection).

python

import numpy as np
import onnxruntime as ort
from transformers import AutoTokenizer

# 1. Load Model and Tokenizer
# For INT8: use "cstr/awesome-align-onnx-int8"
model_id = "cstr/awesome-align-onnx" 
session = ort.InferenceSession("model.onnx", providers=['CPUExecutionProvider'])
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)

def get_word_embeddings(words):
    # Tokenize with subword mapping
    encoded = tokenizer(words, is_split_into_words=True, return_tensors="np")
    
    # Track which subwords belong to which original word index
    word_map = []
    for i, w in enumerate(words):
        sub_tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(w) or [tokenizer.unk_token]
        word_map.extend([i] * len(sub_tokens))

    # Run inference
    outputs = session.run(None, {
        "input_ids": encoded["input_ids"],
        "attention_mask": encoded["attention_mask"]
    })
    
    # Slicing: [Batch 0, remove CLS/SEP, all hidden features]
    embeddings = outputs[0][0, 1:-1, :]
    return embeddings, word_map

def align(src_words, tgt_words):
    # Get embeddings and maps
    src_embeds, src_map = get_word_embeddings(src_words)
    tgt_embeds, tgt_map = get_word_embeddings(tgt_words)

    # Compute Cosine Similarity
    src_norm = src_embeds / np.linalg.norm(src_embeds, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
    tgt_norm = tgt_embeds / np.linalg.norm(tgt_embeds, axis=-1, keepdims=True)
    similarity = np.dot(src_norm, tgt_norm.T)

    # Mutual Argmax (Intersection) Logic
    best_tgt_for_src = np.argmax(similarity, axis=1)
    best_src_for_tgt = np.argmax(similarity, axis=0)

    alignment = set()
    for i, j in enumerate(best_tgt_for_src):
        if best_src_for_tgt[j] == i:
            alignment.add((src_map[i], tgt_map[j]))
    
    return sorted(list(alignment))

# Example Usage
src = ["the", "cat", "sat"]
tgt = ["le", "chat", "assis"]
links = align(src, tgt)

print(f"Alignment Links: {links}")
# Output: [(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)]

Technical Notes

Subword Handling: This script automatically handles BERT subword tokenization by mapping sub-tokens (e.g., ['ass', '##is']) back to their parent word index.
Layer 8 Extraction: The ONNX model is pre-truncated; the output of session.run is the 768-dimensional hidden state of the 8th layer.
Precision: The Mutual Argmax logic ensures high-precision 1-to-1 alignments. For higher recall, you can implement the "Grow-Diag-Final" heuristic on the similarity matrix.

Original model card follows:

BERT multilingual base model (cased)

Pretrained model on the top 104 languages with the largest Wikipedia using a masked language modeling (MLM) objective. It was introduced in this paper and first released in this repository. This model is case sensitive: it makes a difference between english and English.

Disclaimer: The team releasing BERT did not write a model card for this model so this model card has been written by the Hugging Face team.

Model description

BERT is a transformers model pretrained on a large corpus of multilingual data in a self-supervised fashion. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts. More precisely, it was pretrained with two objectives:

Masked language modeling (MLM): taking a sentence, the model randomly masks 15% of the words in the input then run the entire masked sentence through the model and has to predict the masked words. This is different from traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that usually see the words one after the other, or from autoregressive models like GPT which internally mask the future tokens. It allows the model to learn a bidirectional representation of the sentence.
Next sentence prediction (NSP): the models concatenates two masked sentences as inputs during pretraining. Sometimes they correspond to sentences that were next to each other in the original text, sometimes not. The model then has to predict if the two sentences were following each other or not.

This way, the model learns an inner representation of the languages in the training set that can then be used to extract features useful for downstream tasks: if you have a dataset of labeled sentences for instance, you can train a standard classifier using the features produced by the BERT model as inputs.

Intended uses & limitations

You can use the raw model for either masked language modeling or next sentence prediction, but it's mostly intended to be fine-tuned on a downstream task. See the model hub to look for fine-tuned versions on a task that interests you.

Note that this model is primarily aimed at being fine-tuned on tasks that use the whole sentence (potentially masked) to make decisions, such as sequence classification, token classification or question answering. For tasks such as text generation you should look at model like GPT2.

How to use

You can use this model directly with a pipeline for masked language modeling:

python

>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> unmasker = pipeline('fill-mask', model='bert-base-multilingual-cased')
>>> unmasker("Hello I'm a [MASK] model.")

[{'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a model model. [SEP]",
  'score': 0.10182085633277893,
  'token': 13192,
  'token_str': 'model'},
 {'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a world model. [SEP]",
  'score': 0.052126359194517136,
  'token': 11356,
  'token_str': 'world'},
 {'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a data model. [SEP]",
  'score': 0.048930276185274124,
  'token': 11165,
  'token_str': 'data'},
 {'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a flight model. [SEP]",
  'score': 0.02036019042134285,
  'token': 23578,
  'token_str': 'flight'},
 {'sequence': "[CLS] Hello I'm a business model. [SEP]",
  'score': 0.020079681649804115,
  'token': 14155,
  'token_str': 'business'}]

Here is how to use this model to get the features of a given text in PyTorch:

python

from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-multilingual-cased')
model = BertModel.from_pretrained("bert-base-multilingual-cased")
text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt')
output = model(**encoded_input)

and in TensorFlow:

python

from transformers import BertTokenizer, TFBertModel
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-multilingual-cased')
model = TFBertModel.from_pretrained("bert-base-multilingual-cased")
text = "Replace me by any text you'd like."
encoded_input = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='tf')
output = model(encoded_input)

Training data

The BERT model was pretrained on the 104 languages with the largest Wikipedias. You can find the complete list here.

Training procedure

Preprocessing

The texts are lowercased and tokenized using WordPiece and a shared vocabulary size of 110,000. The languages with a larger Wikipedia are under-sampled and the ones with lower resources are oversampled. For languages like Chinese, Japanese Kanji and Korean Hanja that don't have space, a CJK Unicode block is added around every character.

The inputs of the model are then of the form:

[CLS] Sentence A [SEP] Sentence B [SEP]

With probability 0.5, sentence A and sentence B correspond to two consecutive sentences in the original corpus and in the other cases, it's another random sentence in the corpus. Note that what is considered a sentence here is a consecutive span of text usually longer than a single sentence. The only constrain is that the result with the two "sentences" has a combined length of less than 512 tokens.

The details of the masking procedure for each sentence are the following:

15% of the tokens are masked.
In 80% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by [MASK].
In 10% of the cases, the masked tokens are replaced by a random token (different) from the one they replace.
In the 10% remaining cases, the masked tokens are left as is.

BibTeX entry and citation info

bibtex

@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1810-04805,
  author    = {Jacob Devlin and
               Ming{-}Wei Chang and
               Kenton Lee and
               Kristina Toutanova},
  title     = {{BERT:} Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language
               Understanding},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/1810.04805},
  year      = {2018},
  url       = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint    = {1810.04805},
  timestamp = {Tue, 30 Oct 2018 20:39:56 +0100},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-04805.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}