| Academic Terms | Abstract, rare, specialized, or disciplinary-specific terms that are indicative of informationally dense writing | market price, storage capacity, regulatory, distribution |
| Academic Writing Moves | Phrases and terms that indicate academic writing moves, which are common in research genres and are derived from the work of Swales (1981) and Cotos et al. (2015, 2017) | in the first section, the problem is that, payment methodology, point of contention |
| Character | References multiple dimensions of a character or human being as a social agent, both individual and collective | Pauline, her, personnel, representatives |
| Citation | Language that indicates the attribution of information to, or citation of, another source. | according to, is proposing that, quotes from |
| Citation Authorized | Referencing the citation of another source that is represented as true and not arguable | confirm that, provide evidence, common sense |
| Citation Hedged | Referencing the citation of another source that is presented as arguable | suggest that, just one opinion |
| Confidence Hedged | Referencing language that presents a claim as uncertain | tends to get, maybe, it seems that |
| Confidence High | Referencing language that presents a claim with certainty | most likely, ensure that, know that, obviously |
| Confidence Low | Referencing language that presents a claim as extremely unlikely | unlikely, out of the question, impossible |
| Contingent | Referencing contingency, typically contingency in the world, rather than contingency in one's knowledge | subject to, if possible, just in case, hypothetically |
| Description | Language that evokes sights, sounds, smells, touches and tastes, as well as scenes and objects | stay quiet, gas-fired, solar panels, soft, on my desk |
| Facilitate | Language that enables or directs one through specific tasks and actions | let me, worth a try, I would suggest |
| First Person | This cluster captures first person. | I, as soon as I, we have been |
| Force Stressed | Language that is forceful and stressed, often using emphatics, comparative forms, or superlative forms | really good, the sooner the better, necessary |
| Future | Referencing future actions, states, or desires | will be, hope to, expected changes |
| Information Change | Referencing changes of information, particularly changes that are more neutral | changes, revised, growth, modification to |
| Information Change Negative | Referencing negative change | going downhill, slow erosion, get worse |
| Information Change Positive | Referencing positive change | improving, accrued interest, boost morale |
| Information Exposition | Information in the form of expository devices, or language that describes or explains, frequently in regards to quantities and comparisons | final amount, several, three, compare, 80% |
| Information Place | Language designating places | the city, surrounding areas, Houston, home |
| Information Report Verbs | Informational verbs and verb phrases of reporting | report, posted, release, point out |
| Information States | Referencing information states, or states of being | is, are, existing, been |
| Information Topics | Referencing topics, usually nominal subjects or objects, that indicate the “aboutness” of a text | time, money, stock price, phone interview |
| Inquiry | Referencing inquiry, or language that points to some kind of inquiry or investigation | find out, let me know if you have any questions, wondering if |
| Interactive | Addresses from the author to the reader or from persons in the text to other persons. The address comes in the language of everyday conversation, colloquy, exchange, questions, attention-getters, feedback, interactive genre markers, and the use of the second person. | can you, thank you for, please see, sounds good to me |
| Metadiscourse Cohesive | The use of words to build cohesive markers that help the reader navigate the text and signal linkages in the text, which are often additive or contrastive | or, but, also, on the other hand, notwithstanding, that being said |
| Metadiscourse Interactive | The use of words to build cohesive markers that interact with the reader | I agree, let’s talk, by the way |
| Narrative | Language that involves people, description, and events extending in time | today, tomorrow, during the, this weekend |
| Negative | Referencing dimensions of negativity, including negative acts, emotions, relations, and values | does not, sorry for, problems, confusion |
| Positive | Referencing dimensions of positivity, including actions, emotions, relations, and values | thanks, approval, agreement, looks good |
| Public Terms | Referencing public terms, concepts from public language, media, the language of authority, institutions, and responsibility | discussion, amendment, corporation, authority, settlement |
| Reasoning | Language that has a reasoning focus, supporting inferences about cause, consequence, generalization, concession, and linear inference either from premise to conclusion or conclusion to premise | because, therefore, analysis, even if, as a result, indicating that |
| Responsibility | Referencing the language of responsibility | supposed to, requirements, obligations |
| Strategic | This dimension is active when the text structures strategies activism, advantage-seeking, game-playing cognition, plans, and goal-seeking. | plan, trying to, strategy, decision, coordinate, look at the |
| Syntactic Complexity | The features in this category are often what are called “function words,” like determiners and prepositions. | the, to, for, in, a lot of |
| Uncertainty | References uncertainty, when confidence levels are unknown | kind of, I have no idea, for some reason |
| Updates | References updates that anticipate someone searching for information and receiving it | already, a new, now that, here are some |
