@InProceedings{sugimoto_nlp2023_jmedroberta,
    author =    "杉本海人 and 壹岐太一 and 知田悠生 and 金沢輝一 and 相澤彰子",
    title =     "J{M}ed{R}o{BERT}a: 日本語の医学論文にもとづいた事前学習済み言語モデルの構築と評価",
    booktitle = "言語処理学会第29回年次大会",
    year =      "2023",
    url =       "https://www.anlp.jp/proceedings/annual_meeting/2023/pdf_dir/P3-1.pdf"
}

En:

@InProceedings{sugimoto_nlp2023_jmedroberta,
    author =    "Sugimoto, Kaito and Iki, Taichi and Chida, Yuki and Kanazawa, Teruhito and Aizawa, Akiko",
    title =     "J{M}ed{R}o{BERT}a: a Japanese Pre-trained Language Model on Academic Articles in Medical Sciences (in Japanese)",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing",
    year =      "2023",
    url =       "https://www.anlp.jp/proceedings/annual_meeting/2023/pdf_dir/P3-1.pdf"
}

Datasets used for pre-training

abstracts (train: 1.6GB (10M sentences), validation: 0.2GB (1.3M sentences))
abstracts & body texts (train: 0.2GB (1.4M sentences))

How to use

Before using the model, make sure that Manbyo Dictionary has been downloaded under /usr/local/lib/mecab/dic/userdic.

bash

# download Manbyo-Dictionary

mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/mecab/dic/userdic
wget https://sociocom.jp/~data/2018-manbyo/data/MANBYO_201907_Dic-utf8.dic
mv MANBYO_201907_Dic-utf8.dic /usr/local/lib/mecab/dic/userdic

Note: If you don't have root privileges and find it difficult to download the Manbyo Dictionary to /usr/local/lib/mecab/dic/userdic, you can still load our model by overriding tokenizer settings as follows:

bash

# download Manbyo-Dictionary wherever you like

wget https://sociocom.jp/~data/2018-manbyo/data/MANBYO_201907_Dic-utf8.dic
mv MANBYO_201907_Dic-utf8.dic /anywhere/you/like

python

from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("alabnii/jmedroberta-base-manbyo-wordpiece-vocab50000")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("alabnii/jmedroberta-base-manbyo-wordpiece-vocab50000", **{
    "mecab_kwargs": {
        "mecab_option": "-u /anywhere/you/like/MANBYO_201907_Dic-utf8.dic"
    }
})

Input text must be converted to full-width characters（全角）in advance.

You can use this model for masked language modeling as follows:

python

from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("alabnii/jmedroberta-base-manbyo-wordpiece-vocab50000")
model.eval()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("alabnii/jmedroberta-base-manbyo-wordpiece-vocab50000")

texts = ['この患者は[MASK]と診断された。']
inputs = tokenizer.batch_encode_plus(texts, return_tensors='pt')
outputs = model(**inputs)
tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(outputs.logits[0][1:-1].argmax(axis=-1))
# ['この', '患者', 'は', 'ＳＬＥ', 'と', '診断', 'さ', 'れ', 'た', '。']

Alternatively, you can employ Fill-mask pipeline.

python

from transformers import pipeline

fill = pipeline("fill-mask", model="alabnii/jmedroberta-base-manbyo-wordpiece-vocab50000", top_k=10)
fill("この患者は[MASK]と診断された。")
#[{'score': 0.035826072096824646,
#  'token': 10840,
#  'token_str': 'ＳＬＥ',
#  'sequence': 'この 患者 は ＳＬＥ と 診断 さ れ た 。'},
# {'score': 0.020926717668771744,
#  'token': 10777,
#  'token_str': '統合失調症',
#  'sequence': 'この 患者 は 統合失調症 と 診断 さ れ た 。'},
# {'score': 0.02092057280242443,
#  'token': 8338,
#  'token_str': '糖尿病',
#  'sequence': 'この 患者 は 糖尿病 と 診断 さ れ た 。'},
# ...

You can fine-tune this model on downstream tasks.

See also sample Colab notebooks: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1p2770dXs0lge1IkuSHYLO-G-KJ4gZtou?usp=sharing

Tokenization

Mecab (w/ IPAdic & Manbyo Dictionary) was used for pre-training. Each word is tokenized into tokens by WordPiece.

Vocabulary

The vocabulary consists of 50000 tokens including words (IPAdic & Manbyo Dictionary) and subwords induced by WordPiece.

Training procedure

The following hyperparameters were used during pre-training:

learning_rate: 0.0001
train_batch_size: 32
eval_batch_size: 32
seed: 42
distributed_type: multi-GPU
num_devices: 8
total_train_batch_size: 256
total_eval_batch_size: 256
optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_warmup_steps: 20000
training_steps: 2000000
mixed_precision_training: Native AMP

Note: Why do we call our model RoBERTa, not BERT?

As the config file suggests, our model is based on HuggingFace's BertForMaskedLM class. However, we consider our model as RoBERTa for the following reasons:

We kept training only with max sequence length (= 512) tokens.
We removed the next sentence prediction (NSP) training objective.
We introduced dynamic masking (changing the masking pattern in each training iteration).

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) AIP Trilateral AI Research (Grant Number: JPMJCR20G9), and Joint Usage/Research Center for Interdisciplinary Large-scale Information Infrastructures (JHPCN) (Project ID: jh221004), in Japan.
In this research work, we used the "mdx: a platform for the data-driven future".