SmolVLM-500M-Instruct fine-tuned with LoRA on ChartQA for chart question answering. LoRA adapters were merged into the base model for single-artifact deployment.

Model details


Base model	`HuggingFaceTB/SmolVLM-500M-Instruct`
Dataset	`HuggingFaceM4/ChartQA`
Task	Visual question answering on chart/graph images
Method	LoRA (`r=16`, `α=32`, all projection layers, dropout=0.05)
Target modules	`q_proj`, `k_proj`, `v_proj`, `o_proj`, `gate_proj`, `up_proj`, `down_proj`
Precision	bfloat16
Epochs	3
Batch size	4
LR	2e-4 with cosine warmup (5%)
Optimizer	AdamW (fused)
Metrics	Exact Match, Relaxed Accuracy (5% tol), ANLS

Usage

Full model (recommended)

python

from PIL import Image
import torch
from transformers import AutoProcessor, AutoModelForImageTextToText

model_id = "VulcanRaven/ChartQA-smolvlm"
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_id)
model = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(
    model_id, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
).cuda().eval()

image = Image.open("chart.png").convert("RGB")
query = "What is the highest value shown in the chart?"

messages = [{
    "role": "user",
    "content": [
        {"type": "image"},
        {"type": "text", "text": f"Question: {query}\nAnswer:"}
    ]
}]
text = processor.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
inputs = processor(text=text, images=image, return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
inputs["pixel_values"] = inputs["pixel_values"].to(torch.bfloat16)

with torch.inference_mode():
    gen_ids = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=32, do_sample=False)
answer = processor.tokenizer.decode(
    gen_ids[0, inputs["input_ids"].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True
).strip()
print(f"Q: {query}\nA: {answer}")

LoRA adapter variant (load + merge before inference)

python

from peft import PeftModel
from transformers import AutoModelForImageTextToText, AutoProcessor
import torch

base = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(
    "HuggingFaceTB/SmolVLM-500M-Instruct", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
)
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base, "VulcanRaven/ChartQA-smolvlm")
model = model.merge_and_unload().cuda().eval()
processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("VulcanRaven/ChartQA-smolvlm")

# then run inference as above

Evaluation metrics

Metric	Description
Exact Match	Normalised string equality against any gold answer
Relaxed Accuracy	Numeric tolerance of ±5%; falls back to exact match for non-numeric answers
ANLS	Average Normalised Levenshtein Similarity (threshold=0.5)

Design decisions

Decision	Choice	Reason
Base model	SmolVLM-500M-Instruct	Compact VLM with strong chart understanding; fits in <4 GB VRAM
Dataset	ChartQA	Standard benchmark for chart visual QA with multi-reference gold answers
Fine-tuning	LoRA on all projection layers	Covers attention + MLP; fast convergence with minimal memory overhead
Label masking	Prefix tokens masked to -100	Model only learns to generate the answer, not repeat the question
Deployment	Merged full model	No adapter loading code at inference; simpler and faster
Precision	bfloat16	Numerically stable; works well even on resource-constrained GPUs

Training details

Hardware: NVIDIA Tesla T4
Data split: 80% train / 20% validation (from original train), full original test set
Validation: 50-batch subset evaluated after each epoch for speed
Best checkpoint: Saved based on highest Relaxed Accuracy on validation set
Gradient clipping: Max norm 1.0
Grad accumulation: 4 steps (effective batch size 16)