Read a single hidden activation as a sentence. A 12.7M-parameter prefix adapter over a fully frozen Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B that, given a layer-20 last-token hidden state v ∈ ℝ³⁵⁸⁴, generates text whose own re-encoded L20 hidden state h maximizes the anisotropy-corrected reconstruction fve_nrm_cen(h, v) = ½(1 + cos(h−μ, v−μ)).

TL;DR: at best-of-64 sampling the AV saturates the Qwen paraphrase ceiling (ρ_norm ≈ 0.92). Greedy decoding remains the open problem (ρ_norm ≈ 0.26), still below a zero-training nearest-neighbour baseline.

Card metadata


Backbone (frozen)	`Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B`, bf16
Layer / target	`ℓ = 20`, last-valid-token hidden of a 64-token Qwen continuation
AV trainable params	12.7M (16 static prefix tokens + 1 inject slot + projection)
Training objective	Token CE on (v, text) pairs, where text is a Qwen continuation
Training data	`srt-nla-targets-v1` (30K (v, text) pairs, seed=1)
Headline metric	best-of-64 `fve_nrm_cen = 0.777` → `ρ_norm = 0.92` (M=200 held-out)
License	Apache-2.0 (weights). Backbone subject to Qwen license at load time.

Files

File	Notes
`best_av.pt`	Warm-start AV checkpoint (`ce_seq64_np16` lineage, 30k pairs)
`config.json`	`NLAConfig` JSON; reproduces verbalizer geometry
`eval_results.json`	Triangulated numbers from `centered_eval.py` and `rerank_eval.py`

How to load

python

import torch
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from srt.nla import ActivationVerbalizer, NLAConfig

repo = "RiverRider/srt-nla-av-v1"
cfg = NLAConfig.from_json(hf_hub_download(repo, "config.json"))

bb = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16
).cuda().eval()
for p in bb.parameters():
    p.requires_grad = False
tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B")

av = ActivationVerbalizer(cfg, backbone=bb, tokenizer=tok).cuda().eval()
state = torch.load(hf_hub_download(repo, "best_av.pt"), map_location="cuda",
                   weights_only=False)
av.load_state_dict(state, strict=False)

To verbalize an activation vector v ∈ ℝ³⁵⁸⁴ extracted from layer 20 of the frozen backbone, draw a best-of-K rollout:

python

texts, _ = av.generate(v[None], do_sample=True, temperature=1.0,
                       max_new_tokens=64, num_return_sequences=64)
# Score each candidate by fve_nrm_cen vs v, pick argmax. See
# scripts/centered_eval.py for the canonical eval loop.

Evaluation (200-target held-out slice, pool=2000)

fve_nrm_cen = anisotropy-corrected (subtract pool μ before cosine). ρ_norm = (cen − 0.510) / 0.289 ∈ [0, 1] where 1 ≡ Qwen paraphrase ceiling.

condition	raw fve_nrm	centered	ρ_norm
greedy (T=0)	0.687	0.586	0.26
sampled (T=1) mean	0.686	0.582	0.25
best-of-8	0.768	0.686	0.61
best-of-16	0.791	0.716	0.71
best-of-32	0.814	0.747	0.82
best-of-64	0.834	0.777	0.92
logp-rerank	0.653	0.561	0.18 (hurts greedy)
NN-anchor rerank	0.741	0.722	0.73
NN-retrieval baseline (pool=2000)	0.795	0.715	0.71
random floor	0.622	0.510	0.00
paraphrase ceiling	0.799	0.799	1.00

K-curve is log-linear: ~+0.10 ρ_norm per doubling of K. Extrapolation suggests K ≈ 256 to saturate the ceiling.

Known limitations

Single backbone, single layer, single target type. All numbers above are Qwen2.5-7B L20 last-token of 64-token continuations. The anisotropy magnitude (‖μ‖ ≈ 55) is backbone-specific.
logp-rerank is dead. Spearman(mean-logp, oracle-cen) ≈ 0.04. Any reranker that consumes only the policy's own sequence log-prob will not beat greedy. See paper_nla.md §3.
Greedy gap is the open problem. Without K-way sampling, the AV under-performs a 1-line numpy NN-lookup against the same pool.

Recommended deployment

v is provided at inference time, so scoring is free: do best-of-K oracle rerank (sample K, score each by fve_nrm_cen, return argmax). At K=64 this delivers ρ_norm = 0.92. No retraining required.

Citation

bibtex

@misc{lancaster2026nlareframe,
  title  = {Natural-Language Activation Verbalization:
            Probing the Decodability of Frozen Hidden States via Prefix-Tuned Generation},
  author = {Lancaster, Burton},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Draft; see github.com/space-bacon/SRT/blob/nla/paper_nla.md},
}

Code: https://github.com/space-bacon/SRT (branch nla)
Targets dataset: RiverRider/srt-nla-targets-v1
Companion product: RiverRider/srt-adapter-v1.0 (different codepath, semiotic awareness)

RiverRider/srt-nla-av-v1

srt-nla-av-v1 — Activation Verbalizer for Qwen2.5-7B (L20)