"We perform reinforcement learning at test time, allowing the LLM to continue training
with experience specific to the problem at hand … Our test-time training runs are performed
using Tinker, an API by Thinking Machines, with a cost of only a few hundred dollars per problem."
What is TTT-Discover?
Instead of prompting a frozen model (like AlphaEvolve), TTT-Discover keeps training on your
specific problem at test time. The model earns a reward signal from real execution feedback
(reward = 1500 / runtime_μs) and learns to write faster Triton kernels through trial and error —
no human-written examples needed.
1import tinker, asyncio
23SAMPLER ="tinker://681a070d-2ef4-5b8c-a216-d4f22dca1efb:train:0/sampler_weights/000030"45asyncdefask(prompt):6 svc = tinker.ServiceClient(base_url=None)7 client =await svc.create_sampling_client_async(SAMPLER)8 resp =await client.sample_async(tinker.SampleRequest(9 model_input=tinker.ModelInput.from_text(prompt),10 sampling_params=tinker.SamplingParams(temperature=0.8, max_new_tokens=4096),11))12return resp.completion_text
1314print(asyncio.run(ask("Write a fast Triton kernel for triangular matmul on H100.")))
Paper
Learning to Discover at Test Time
Mert Yuksekgonul*, Daniel Koceja*, Xinhao Li*, Federico Bianchi*, Jed McCaleb,
Xiaolong Wang, Jan Kautz, Yejin Choi, James Zou†, Carlos Guestrin†, Yu Sun Stanford · NVIDIA · Astera Institute · UC San Diego · Together AI arXiv:2601.16175 · Project page · PDF
bibtex
1@article{ttt-discover2026,
2 title = {Learning to Discover at Test Time},
3 author = {Yuksekgonul, Mert and Koceja, Daniel and Li, Xinhao
4 and Bianchi, Federico and McCaleb, Jed and Wang, Xiaolong
5 and Kautz, Jan and Choi, Yejin and Zou, James
6 and Guestrin, Carlos and Sun, Yu},
7 journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.16175},
8 year = {2026}
9}
Acknowledgments
GPU Mode — community for GPU kernel optimization and the TriMul competition
Tinker — LLM training and RL infrastructure by Thinking Machines