Meet LeoLM, the first open and commercially available German Foundation Language Model built on Llama-2. Our models extend Llama-2's capabilities into German through continued pretraining on a large corpus of German-language and mostly locality specific text. Thanks to a compute grant at HessianAI's new supercomputer 42, we release two foundation models trained with 8k context length, LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b and LeoLM/leo-hessianai-13b under the Llama-2 community license (70b also coming soon! 👀). With this release, we hope to bring a new wave of opportunities to German open-source and commercial LLM research and accelerate adoption. Read our blog post or our paper (preprint coming soon) for more details!

A project by Björn Plüster and Christoph Schuhmann in collaboration with LAION and HessianAI.

LeoLM Chat

LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b-chat is a German chat model built on our foundation model LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b and finetuned on a selection of German instruction datasets. The model performs exceptionally well on writing, explanation and discussion tasks but struggles somewhat with math and advanced reasoning. See our MT-Bench-DE scores:

{
    "first_turn": 5.75,
    "second_turn": 4.45,
    "categories": {
        "writing": 5.875,
        "roleplay": 6.3,
        "reasoning": 3.5,
        "math": 2.85,
        "coding": 2.95,
        "extraction": 4.3,
        "stem": 7.4,
        "humanities": 7.625
    },
    "average": 5.1
}

Model Details

Finetuned from: LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b
Model type: Causal decoder-only transformer language model
Language: English and German
Demo: Web Demo
License: LLAMA 2 COMMUNITY LICENSE AGREEMENT
Contact: LAION Discord or Björn Plüster

Use in 🤗Transformers

First install direct dependencies:

pip install transformers torch sentencepiece

If you want faster inference using flash-attention2, you need to install these dependencies:

bash

pip install packaging ninja
pip install flash-attn==v2.1.1 --no-build-isolation
pip install git+https://github.com/HazyResearch/flash-attention.git@v2.1.1#subdirectory=csrc/rotary

Then load the model in transformers:

python

from transformers import pipeline
import torch

system_prompt = """<|im_start|>system
Dies ist eine Unterhaltung zwischen einem intelligenten, hilfsbereitem KI-Assistenten und einem Nutzer.
Der Assistent gibt ausführliche, hilfreiche und ehrliche Antworten.<|im_end|>

"""
prompt_format = "<|im_start|>user\n{prompt}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n"
prompt = "Erkläre mir wie die Fahrradwegesituation in Hamburg ist."

generator = pipeline(model="LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b-chat", device="cuda", torch_dtype=torch.float16, trust_remote_code=True) # True for flash-attn2 else False
print(generator(prompt_format.format(prompt=prompt), do_sample=True, top_p=0.95, max_length=8192))

"Als KI kann ich keine persönlichen Beobachtungen teilen, aber ich kann einige allgemeine Informationen zur Fahrradwegesituation in Hamburg liefern. Im Vergleich zu vielen anderen großen Städten hat Hamburg eine hohe Anzahl von Fahrradfahrern und nimmt seine Verantwortung für nachhaltige Verkehrsmittel sehr ernst. Es gibt viele Fahrradwege und separate Fahrspuren, die Radfahrern ermöglichen, zusammen mit dem Autoverkehr zu fahren. Diese Fahrradspuren sind oft mit Markierungen gekennzeichnet und durch physische Trennungen von anderen Fahrspuren abgegrenzt. Darüber hinaus gibt es viele Fahrradstraßen, auf denen Radfahrer Vorfahrt haben und Autos langsamer fahren müssen.

In einigen städtischen Gebieten können Fahrradwege jedoch eng oder überfüllt sein, besonders während der Stoßzeiten. Es gibt auch viele Kreuzungen, an denen Radfahrer anhalten und auf Grün warten müssen, ähnlich wie Autofahrer. Insgesamt ist die Fahrradinfrastruktur in Hamburg ziemlich gut, aber wie überall gibt es immer Raum für Verbesserungen."

Prompting / Prompt Template

Prompt dialogue template (ChatML format):

"""
<|im_start|>system
{system_message}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
{prompt}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
"""

The model input can contain multiple conversation turns between user and assistant, e.g.

<|im_start|>user
{prompt 1}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
{reply 1}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
{prompt 2}<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
(...)

Ethical Considerations and Limitations

LeoLM has been tested in English and German, and has not covered, nor could it cover all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, the potential outputs of LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b-chat cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of LeoLM/leo-hessianai-7b-chat, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model.

Please see Meta's Responsible Use Guide.

Finetuning Details

Hyperparameter	Value
Num epochs	3
Examples per epoch	131214
Global batch size	256
Learning rate	3e-5
Warmup steps	100
LR scheduler	Cosine
Adam betas	(0.9, 0.95)

Dataset Details

## Stats for 'Subset of OpenAssistant/OASST-DE' (3534 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 3534/3534 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 2259302
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 29
  Max tokens per sample: 2484
  Avg tokens per sample: 639.3044708545557
-----------------

## Stats for 'Subset of FreedomIntelligence/evol-instruct-deutsch' (57841 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 57841/57841 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 42958192
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 33
  Max tokens per sample: 5507
  Avg tokens per sample: 742.6944900675991
-----------------

## Stats for 'Subset of FreedomIntelligence/alpaca-gpt4-deutsch' (48969 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 48969/48969 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 13372005
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 19
  Max tokens per sample: 1359
  Avg tokens per sample: 273.07082031489307
-----------------

## Stats for 'Subset of LeoLM/OpenSchnabeltier' (21314 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 21314/21314 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 8134690
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 25
  Max tokens per sample: 1202
  Avg tokens per sample: 381.65947264708643
-----------------

## Stats for 'Subset of LeoLM/German_Poems' (490 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 490/490 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 618642
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 747
  Max tokens per sample: 1678
  Avg tokens per sample: 1262.534693877551
-----------------

## Stats for 'Subset of LeoLM/German_Songs' (392 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 392/392 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 187897
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 231
  Max tokens per sample: 826
  Avg tokens per sample: 479.3290816326531
-----------------

## Stats for 'total' (132540 samples (100.0%))
-----------------
  Accepted: 132540/132540 (100.0%)
  Accepted tokens: 67530728
  Skipped: 0 (0.0%)
  Min tokens per sample: 19
  Max tokens per sample: 5507
  Avg tokens per sample: 509.51205673758864
-----------------