This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from google/electra-large-discriminator on the PiC/phrase_similarity dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: google/electra-large-discriminator
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 1024 tokens
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Training Dataset:
- PiC/phrase_similarity
Language: en

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: ElectraModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("Deehan1866/Electra")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    "She wants to write about Keima but suffers a major case of writer's block.",
    "She wants to write about Keima but suffers a huge occurrence of writer's block.",
    'specific medical status of movement and the general condition of movement both are conditions under which contradictions can move.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Binary Classification

Dataset: quora-duplicates-dev
Evaluated with BinaryClassificationEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy	0.748
cosine_accuracy_threshold	0.9737
cosine_f1	0.7605
cosine_f1_threshold	0.9575
cosine_precision	0.712
cosine_recall	0.816
cosine_ap	0.7869
dot_accuracy	0.667
dot_accuracy_threshold	275.4552
dot_f1	0.7332
dot_f1_threshold	266.1473
dot_precision	0.601
dot_recall	0.94
dot_ap	0.5935
manhattan_accuracy	0.746
manhattan_accuracy_threshold	87.7386
manhattan_f1	0.7615
manhattan_f1_threshold	131.4337
manhattan_precision	0.7034
manhattan_recall	0.83
manhattan_ap	0.7905
euclidean_accuracy	0.747
euclidean_accuracy_threshold	4.5834
euclidean_f1	0.761
euclidean_f1_threshold	5.554
euclidean_precision	0.716
euclidean_recall	0.812
euclidean_ap	0.7898
max_accuracy	0.748
max_accuracy_threshold	275.4552
max_f1	0.7615
max_f1_threshold	266.1473
max_precision	0.716
max_recall	0.94
max_ap	0.7905

Training Details

Training Dataset

PiC/phrase_similarity

Dataset: PiC/phrase_similarity at fc67ce7
Size: 7,004 training samples
Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence1 sentence2 label
type string string int
details
min: 12 tokens
mean: 26.35 tokens
max: 57 tokens
min: 12 tokens
mean: 26.89 tokens
max: 58 tokens
0: ~48.80%
1: ~51.20%

Samples:

sentence1	sentence2	label
`newly formed camp is released from the membrane and diffuses across the intracellular space where it serves to activate pka.`	`recently made encampment is released from the membrane and diffuses across the intracellular space where it serves to activate pka.`	`0`
`According to one data, in 1910, on others – in 1915, the mansion became Natalya Dmitriyevna Shchuchkina's property.`	`According to a particular statistic, in 1910, on others – in 1915, the mansion became Natalya Dmitriyevna Shchuchkina's property.`	`1`
`Note that Fact 1 does not assume any particular structure on the set formula_65.`	`Note that Fact 1 does not assume any specific edifice on the set formula_65.`	`0`

Loss: SoftmaxLoss

Evaluation Dataset

PiC/phrase_similarity

Dataset: PiC/phrase_similarity at fc67ce7
Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence1 sentence2 label
type string string int
details
min: 9 tokens
mean: 26.21 tokens
max: 61 tokens
min: 10 tokens
mean: 26.8 tokens
max: 61 tokens
0: ~50.00%
1: ~50.00%

Samples:

sentence1	sentence2	label
`after theo's apparent death, she decides to leave first colony and ends up traveling with the apostles.`	`after theo's apparent death, she decides to leave original settlement and ends up traveling with the apostles.`	`0`
`The guard assigned to Vivian leaves her to prevent the robbery, allowing her to connect to the bank's network.`	`The guard assigned to Vivian leaves her to prevent the robbery, allowing her to connect to the bank's locations.`	`0`
`Two days later Louis XVI banished Necker by a "lettre de cachet" for his very public exchange of pamphlets.`	`Two days later Louis XVI banished Necker by a "lettre de cachet" for his very free forum of pamphlets.`	`0`

Loss: SoftmaxLoss

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
learning_rate: 2e-05
num_train_epochs: 5
warmup_ratio: 0.1
load_best_model_at_end: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 5
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: True
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: False
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	loss	quora-duplicates-dev_max_ap
0	0	-	-	0.6721
0.2283	100	-	0.6805	0.6847
0.4566	200	-	0.5313	0.7905
0.6849	300	-	0.5383	0.7838
0.9132	400	-	0.6442	0.7585
1.1416	500	0.5761	0.5742	0.7843
1.3699	600	-	0.5606	0.7558
1.5982	700	-	0.5716	0.7772
1.8265	800	-	0.5573	0.7619
2.0548	900	-	0.6951	0.7760
2.2831	1000	0.3712	0.7678	0.7753
2.5114	1100	-	0.7712	0.7915
2.7397	1200	-	0.8120	0.7914
2.9680	1300	-	0.8045	0.7789
3.1963	1400	-	0.9936	0.7821
3.4247	1500	0.1942	1.0883	0.7679
3.6530	1600	-	0.9814	0.7566
3.8813	1700	-	1.0897	0.7830
4.1096	1800	-	1.0764	0.7729
4.3379	1900	-	1.1209	0.7802
4.5662	2000	0.1175	1.1522	0.7804
4.7945	2100	-	1.1545	0.7807
5.0	2190	-	-	0.7905

The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.10
Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
Transformers: 4.42.3
PyTorch: 2.2.1+cu121
Accelerate: 0.32.1
Datasets: 2.20.0
Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers and SoftmaxLoss

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

	sentence1	sentence2	label
type	string	string	int
details	min: 12 tokens mean: 26.35 tokens max: 57 tokens	min: 12 tokens mean: 26.89 tokens max: 58 tokens	0: ~48.80% 1: ~51.20%

Deehan1866/Finetuned-electra-large

SentenceTransformer based on google/electra-large-discriminator

Model Details

Model Description

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

Evaluation

Metrics

Binary Classification

Training Details

Training Dataset

PiC/phrase_similarity

Evaluation Dataset

PiC/phrase_similarity

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

All Hyperparameters

Training Logs

Framework Versions

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers and SoftmaxLoss

Deehan1866/
Finetuned-electra-large