Property	Value
Developed by	CubicLabs
Architecture	Multi-Scale Transformer
Parameters	70M
Optimizer	SGD
Attention	SDPA
Vocab Size	258 (byte-level)
Context Window	512 bytes
d_model	512
Attention Heads	4
Layers per Scale	5
Downsample Factors	[1, 2, 4]
License	Apache 2.0

Sources

Repository: GitHub
Organization: CubicLabs

Uses

Direct Use

Chain-of-thought reasoning (SGD baseline).

python

import torch
from multiscale_transformer.model.model import MultiScaleTransformer
from multiscale_transformer.training.tokenizer import ByteTokenizer
ckpt = torch.load("axl_reasoning_70m.pt", map_location="cpu")
model = MultiScaleTransformer(config)
model.load_state_dict(ckpt["model_state_dict"])
model.eval()
tokenizer = ByteTokenizer()
ids = torch.tensor([tokenizer.encode("def hello():")], dtype=torch.long)
with torch.no_grad():
    out = model.generate(ids, max_new_tokens=50, temperature=0.8)
print(tokenizer.decode(out[0].tolist()))

Out-of-Scope Use

Not for production code generation. Use the Lion version for better results. For integration with tools like Continue.dev, LlamaIndex, or LangChain, use the Python API server which provides OpenAI-compatible endpoints.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Byte-level perplexity is not comparable to BPE-level perplexity. SGD baseline. Use AXL-Reasoning-Lion for better results. Note: GGUF files for Ollama use a simplified single-stack encoder. For full AXL quality, use the Python API server.

Recommendations

Use for prototyping and experimentation, not production code generation.
Byte-level perplexity (258 vocab) is not comparable to BPE-level perplexity (32K vocab).
For better results, use the Lion-optimized version if available.

Training Details

Training Data

SGD 60 min. 1478 steps. Lion version achieves PPL 1.93 in 20 min.

Preprocessing

Byte-level tokenization with vocabulary size 258 (256 bytes + BOS + EOS). No vocabulary training required.

Speeds, Sizes, Times

Metric	Value
Training Steps	1478
Training Time	60 min
Final Loss	0.6384

Evaluation

Metrics

Perplexity on held-out Python code using byte-level tokenization.

Results

Metric	Value
Perplexity (byte-level)	1.93
Final Loss	0.6384
Training Steps	1478
Training Time	60 min

Summary: SGD reasoning baseline. Lion version is significantly better.

Environmental Impact

Property	Value
Hardware	AMD Ryzen 5 5600G
Hours Used	1.001
Carbon Emitted	0.0420 kg CO2
Cloud Provider	None (local CPU)

Technical Specifications

Model Architecture

Multi-Scale Transformer with three parallel encoder stacks at resolution scales 1x, 2x, and 4x. Cross-scale attention connects all scale pairs. Adaptive gating fusion. SwiGLU feed-forward. RoPE positional encoding.

Compute Infrastructure

Property	Value
Hardware	AMD Ryzen 5 5600G (6 cores, 12 threads)
RAM	16 GB
GPU	None (CPU-only)

Citation

bibtex

@misc{axl_2026,
  title={AXL: AXL-Reasoning-70M - Multi-Scale Transformer for CPU Code Generation},
  author={Cubic},
  year={2026},
  url={[https://huggingface.co/CubicLabs](https://huggingface.co/CubicLabs)}
}

How to Get Started

With Ollama

bash

ollama create axl-reasoning-70m -f Modelfile
ollama run axl-reasoning-70m "def fibonacci():"

With Python