The Aya model is a massively multilingual generative language model that follows instructions in 101 languages. Aya outperforms mT0 and BLOOMZ a wide variety of automatic and human evaluations despite covering double the number of languages. The Aya model is trained using xP3x, Aya Dataset, Aya Collection, a subset of DataProvenance collection and ShareGPT-Command. We release the checkpoints under a Apache-2.0 license to further our mission of multilingual technologies empowering a multilingual world.

Developed by: Cohere Labs
Model type: a Transformer style autoregressive massively multilingual language model.
Paper: Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model
Point of Contact: Cohere Labs
Languages: Refer to the list of languages in the language section of this model card.
License: Apache-2.0
Model: Aya-101
Model Size: 13 billion parameters
Datasets: xP3x, Aya Dataset, Aya Collection, DataProvenance collection, ShareGPT-Command.

Use

python

# pip install -q transformers
from transformers import AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM, AutoTokenizer

checkpoint = "CohereLabs/aya-101"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
aya_model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint)

# Turkish to English translation
tur_inputs = tokenizer.encode("Translate to English: Aya cok dilli bir dil modelidir.", return_tensors="pt")
tur_outputs = aya_model.generate(tur_inputs, max_new_tokens=128)
print(tokenizer.decode(tur_outputs[0]))
# Aya is a multi-lingual language model

# Q: Why are there so many languages in India?
hin_inputs = tokenizer.encode("भारत में इतनी सारी भाषाएँ क्यों हैं?", return_tensors="pt")
hin_outputs = aya_model.generate(hin_inputs, max_new_tokens=128)
print(tokenizer.decode(hin_outputs[0]))
# Expected output: भारत में कई भाषाएँ हैं और विभिन्न भाषाओं के बोली जाने वाले लोग हैं। यह विभिन्नता भाषाई विविधता और सांस्कृतिक विविधता का परिणाम है। Translates to "India has many languages and people speaking different languages. This diversity is the result of linguistic diversity and cultural diversity."

Model Details

Finetuning

Architecture: Same as mt5-xxl
Number of Samples seen during Finetuning: 25M
Batch size: 256
Hardware: TPUv4-128
Software: T5X, Jax

Data Sources

The Aya model is trained on the following datasets:

All datasets are subset to the 101 languages supported by mT5. See the paper for details about filtering and pruning.

Evaluation

We refer to Section 5 from our paper for multilingual eval across 99 languages – including discriminative and generative tasks, human evaluation, and simulated win rates that cover both held-out tasks and in-distribution performance.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

For a detailed overview of our effort at safety mitigation and benchmarking toxicity and bias across multiple languages, we refer to Sections 6 and 7 of our paper: Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

We hope that the release of the Aya model will make community-based redteaming efforts possible, by exposing an open-source massively-multilingual model for community research.

Citation

BibTeX:

@article{üstün2024aya,
  title={Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model},
  author={Ahmet Üstün and Viraat Aryabumi and Zheng-Xin Yong and Wei-Yin Ko and Daniel D'souza and Gbemileke Onilude and Neel Bhandari and Shivalika Singh and Hui-Lee Ooi and Amr Kayid and Freddie Vargus and Phil Blunsom and Shayne Longpre and Niklas Muennighoff and Marzieh Fadaee and Julia Kreutzer and Sara Hooker},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.07827},
  year={2024}
}

Languages Covered

Click to see Languages Covered

Below is the list of languages used in finetuning the Aya Model. We group languages into higher-, mid-, and lower-resourcedness based on a language classification by Joshi et. al, 2020. For further details, we refer to our paper

ISO Code	Language Name	Script	Family	Subgrouping	Resourcedness
afr	Afrikaans	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	Mid
amh	Amharic	Ge'ez	Afro-Asiatic	Semitic	Low
ara	Arabic	Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	Semitic	High
aze	Azerbaijani	Arabic/Latin	Turkic	Common Turkic	Low
bel	Belarusian	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
ben	Bengali	Bengali	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Mid
bul	Bulgarian	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
cat	Catalan	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	High
ceb	Cebuano	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Mid
ces	Czech	Latin	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	High
cym	Welsh	Latin	Indo-European	Celtic	Low
dan	Danish	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	Mid
deu	German	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	High
ell	Greek	Greek	Indo-European	Graeco-Phrygian	Mid
eng	English	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	High
epo	Esperanto	Latin	Constructed	Esperantic	Low
est	Estonian	Latin	Uralic	Finnic	Mid
eus	Basque	Latin	Basque	-	High
fin	Finnish	Latin	Uralic	Finnic	High
fil	Tagalog	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Mid
fra	French	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	High
fry	Western Frisian	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	Low
gla	Scottish Gaelic	Latin	Indo-European	Celtic	Low
gle	Irish	Latin	Indo-European	Celtic	Low
glg	Galician	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	Mid
guj	Gujarati	Gujarati	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
hat	Haitian Creole	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	Low
hau	Hausa	Latin	Afro-Asiatic	Chadic	Low
heb	Hebrew	Hebrew	Afro-Asiatic	Semitic	Mid
hin	Hindi	Devanagari	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	High
hun	Hungarian	Latin	Uralic	-	High
hye	Armenian	Armenian	Indo-European	Armenic	Low
ibo	Igbo	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
ind	Indonesian	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Mid
isl	Icelandic	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	Low
ita	Italian	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	High
jav	Javanese	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Low
jpn	Japanese	Japanese	Japonic	Japanesic	High
kan	Kannada	Kannada	Dravidian	South Dravidian	Low
kat	Georgian	Georgian	Kartvelian	Georgian-Zan	Mid
kaz	Kazakh	Cyrillic	Turkic	Common Turkic	Mid
khm	Khmer	Khmer	Austroasiatic	Khmeric	Low
kir	Kyrgyz	Cyrillic	Turkic	Common Turkic	Low
kor	Korean	Hangul	Koreanic	Korean	High
kur	Kurdish	Latin	Indo-European	Iranian	Low
lao	Lao	Lao	Tai-Kadai	Kam-Tai	Low
lav	Latvian	Latin	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
lat	Latin	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	Mid
lit	Lithuanian	Latin	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
ltz	Luxembourgish	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	Low
mal	Malayalam	Malayalam	Dravidian	South Dravidian	Low
mar	Marathi	Devanagari	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
mkd	Macedonian	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Low
mlg	Malagasy	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Low
mlt	Maltese	Latin	Afro-Asiatic	Semitic	Low
mon	Mongolian	Cyrillic	Mongolic-Khitan	Mongolic	Low
mri	Maori	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Low
msa	Malay	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Mid
mya	Burmese	Myanmar	Sino-Tibetan	Burmo-Qiangic	Low
nep	Nepali	Devanagari	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
nld	Dutch	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	High
nor	Norwegian	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	Low
nso	Northern Sotho	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
nya	Chichewa	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
ory	Oriya	Oriya	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
pan	Punjabi	Gurmukhi	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
pes	Persian	Arabic	Indo-European	Iranian	High
pol	Polish	Latin	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	High
por	Portuguese	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	High
pus	Pashto	Arabic	Indo-European	Iranian	Low
ron	Romanian	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	Mid
rus	Russian	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	High
sin	Sinhala	Sinhala	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
slk	Slovak	Latin	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
slv	Slovenian	Latin	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
smo	Samoan	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Low
sna	Shona	Latin	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
snd	Sindhi	Arabic	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Low
som	Somali	Latin	Afro-Asiatic	Cushitic	Low
sot	Southern Sotho	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
spa	Spanish	Latin	Indo-European	Italic	High
sqi	Albanian	Latin	Indo-European	Albanian	Low
srp	Serbian	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	High
sun	Sundanese	Latin	Austronesian	Malayo-Polynesian	Low
swa	Swahili	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
swe	Swedish	Latin	Indo-European	Germanic	High
tam	Tamil	Tamil	Dravidian	South Dravidian	Mid
tel	Telugu	Telugu	Dravidian	South Dravidian	Low
tgk	Tajik	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Iranian	Low
tha	Thai	Thai	Tai-Kadai	Kam-Tai	Mid
tur	Turkish	Latin	Turkic	Common Turkic	High
twi	Twi	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Niger-Congo	Low
ukr	Ukrainian	Cyrillic	Indo-European	Balto-Slavic	Mid
urd	Urdu	Arabic	Indo-European	Indo-Aryan	Mid
uzb	Uzbek	Latin	Turkic	Common Turkic	Mid
vie	Vietnamese	Latin	Austroasiatic	Vietic	High
xho	Xhosa	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
yid	Yiddish	Hebrew	Indo-European	Germanic	Low
yor	Yoruba	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low
zho	Chinese	Han	Sino-Tibetan	Sinitic	High
zul	Zulu	Latin	Atlantic-Congo	Benue-Congo	Low

Model Card Contact

For errors in this model card, contact Ahmet or Viraat, {ahmet, viraat} at cohere dot com.