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Chesterfield, A., Gillespie, A., Goddard, A. and Krpan, D. (2026). Feeling the Friction: Developing and validating text classifiers for sludge in consumer complaints. (manuscript in preparation)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Base model | roberta-base |
| Training samples | 825 (85% stratified split of n=971) |
| Test samples | 146 (15% held-out, evaluated once) |
| Epochs | 4 |
| Learning rate | 2e-5 |
| Batch size | 8 |
| Warmup ratio | 0.1 |
| Class weighting | Balanced |
| Random seed | 42 |
| Metric | Score |
|---|---|
| MCC | 0.796 |
| F1 | 0.863 |
| Precision | 0.800 |
| Recall | 0.936 |
| Accuracy | 0.904 |
1from transformers import pipeline
2
3classifier = pipeline("text-classification", model="AlexChesterfield/sludge-process-roberta")
4complaint = "I called five times and each time was transferred to a different department."
5result = classifier(complaint)
6# LABEL_1 = sludge present, LABEL_0 = absent1@article{chesterfield2026sludge,
2 title={Feeling the Friction: Developing and validating text classifiers for sludge in consumer complaints},
3 author={Chesterfield, Alexandra and Gillespie, Alex and Goddard, Alex and Krpan, Dario},
4 year={2026}
5}