U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gap Analysis Project (GAP), 2022, Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) 3.0: U.S. Geological Survey data release,
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q9LQ4B.
The PAD database classifications are complex and include overlapping and apparently duplicate polygons. For instance, national park boundaries can be found are listed in Proclamation feature class and also in Fee class (showing internal holes within… See the full description on the dataset page:
https://huggingface.co/datasets/boettiger-lab/pad-us-3.