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zenml/finetuned-snowflake-arctic-embed-m

Name: finetuned-snowflake-arctic-embed-m
Availability: InStock

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Language: en
License: apache-2.0

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("zenml/finetuned-snowflake-arctic-embed-m")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What is the expiration time for the GCP OAuth2 token in the ZenML configuration?',
    '━━━━━┛\n\nConfiguration\n\n┏━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃ PROPERTY   │ VALUE      ┃\n\n┠────────────┼────────────┨\n\n┃ project_id │ zenml-core ┃\n\n┠────────────┼────────────┨\n\n┃ token      │ [HIDDEN]   ┃\n\n┗━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛\n\nNote the temporary nature of the Service Connector. It will expire and become unusable in 1 hour:\n\nzenml service-connector list --name gcp-oauth2-token\n\nExample Command Output\n\n┏━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━┓\n\n┃ ACTIVE │ NAME             │ ID                                   │ TYPE   │ RESOURCE TYPES        │ RESOURCE NAME │ SHARED │ OWNER   │ EXPIRES IN │ LABELS ┃\n\n┠────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┼────────┼───────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────┼─────────┼────────────┼────────┨\n\n┃        │ gcp-oauth2-token │ ec4d7d85-c71c-476b-aa76-95bf772c90da │ 🔵 gcp │ 🔵 gcp-generic        │ <multiple>    │ ➖     │ default │ 59m35s     │        ┃\n\n┃        │                  │                                      │        │ 📦 gcs-bucket         │               │        │         │            │        ┃\n\n┃        │                  │                                      │        │ 🌀 kubernetes-cluster │               │        │         │            │        ┃\n\n┃        │                  │                                      │        │ 🐳 docker-registry    │               │        │         │            │        ┃\n\n┗━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━┛\n\nAuto-configuration\n\nThe GCP Service Connector allows auto-discovering and fetching credentials and configuration set up by the GCP CLI on your local host.',
    'Can you list the steps to set up a Docker registry on a Kubernetes cluster?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

Dataset: dim_384
Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.2952
cosine_accuracy@3	0.5241
cosine_accuracy@5	0.5843
cosine_accuracy@10	0.6867
cosine_precision@1	0.2952
cosine_precision@3	0.1747
cosine_precision@5	0.1169
cosine_precision@10	0.0687
cosine_recall@1	0.2952
cosine_recall@3	0.5241
cosine_recall@5	0.5843
cosine_recall@10	0.6867
cosine_ndcg@10	0.4908
cosine_mrr@10	0.4284
cosine_map@100	0.4358

Information Retrieval

Dataset: dim_256
Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.259
cosine_accuracy@3	0.506
cosine_accuracy@5	0.5783
cosine_accuracy@10	0.6446
cosine_precision@1	0.259
cosine_precision@3	0.1687
cosine_precision@5	0.1157
cosine_precision@10	0.0645
cosine_recall@1	0.259
cosine_recall@3	0.506
cosine_recall@5	0.5783
cosine_recall@10	0.6446
cosine_ndcg@10	0.4548
cosine_mrr@10	0.3935
cosine_map@100	0.4034

Information Retrieval

Dataset: dim_128
Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.2711
cosine_accuracy@3	0.4699
cosine_accuracy@5	0.5663
cosine_accuracy@10	0.6145
cosine_precision@1	0.2711
cosine_precision@3	0.1566
cosine_precision@5	0.1133
cosine_precision@10	0.0614
cosine_recall@1	0.2711
cosine_recall@3	0.4699
cosine_recall@5	0.5663
cosine_recall@10	0.6145
cosine_ndcg@10	0.4443
cosine_mrr@10	0.3894
cosine_map@100	0.3989

Information Retrieval

Dataset: dim_64
Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.2169
cosine_accuracy@3	0.4217
cosine_accuracy@5	0.5181
cosine_accuracy@10	0.5843
cosine_precision@1	0.2169
cosine_precision@3	0.1406
cosine_precision@5	0.1036
cosine_precision@10	0.0584
cosine_recall@1	0.2169
cosine_recall@3	0.4217
cosine_recall@5	0.5181
cosine_recall@10	0.5843
cosine_ndcg@10	0.3964
cosine_mrr@10	0.3365
cosine_map@100	0.3466

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 1,490 training samples
Columns: positive, anchor, and negative
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
positive anchor negative
type string string string
details
min: 9 tokens
mean: 21.02 tokens
max: 64 tokens
min: 23 tokens
mean: 375.16 tokens
max: 512 tokens
min: 10 tokens
mean: 17.51 tokens
max: 31 tokens

Samples:

positive	anchor	negative
`What details can you provide about the mlflow_training_pipeline runs listed in the ZenML documentation?`	mlflow_training_pipeline', ┃┃ │ │ │ 'zenml_pipeline_run_uuid': 'a5d4faae-ef70-48f2-9893-6e65d5e51e98', 'zenml_workspace': '10e060b3-2f7e-463d-9ec8-3a211ef4e1f6', 'epochs': '5', 'optimizer': 'Adam', 'lr': '0.005'} ┃[object Object][object Object]┠────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┨[object Object][object Object]┃ tensorflow-mnist-model │ 2 │ Run #2 of the mlflow_training_pipeline. │ {'zenml_version': '0.34.0', 'zenml_run_name': 'mlflow_training_pipeline-2023_03_01-08_09_08_467212', 'zenml_pipeline_name': 'mlflow_training_pipeline', ┃[object Object][object Object]┃ │ │ │ 'zenml_pipeline_run_uuid': '11858dcf-3e47-4b1a-82c5-6fa25ba4e037', 'zenml_workspace': '10e060b3-2f7e-463d-9ec8-3a211ef4e1f6', 'epochs': '5', 'optimizer': 'Adam', 'lr': '0.003'} ┃[object Object][object Object]┠────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┨[object Object][object Object]┃ tensorflow-mnist-model │ 1 │ Run #1 of the mlflow_training_pipeline. │ {'zenml_version': '0.34.0', 'zenml_run_name': 'mlflow_training_pipeline-2023_03_01-08_08_52_398499', 'zenml_pipeline_name': 'mlflow_training_pipeline', ┃[object Object][object Object]┃ │ │ │ 'zenml_pipeline_run_uuid': '29fb22c1-6e0b-4431-9e04-226226506d16', 'zenml_workspace': '10e060b3-2f7e-463d-9ec8-3a211ef4e1f6', 'epochs': '5', 'optimizer': 'Adam', 'lr': '0.001'} ┃	`Can you explain how to configure the TensorFlow settings for a different project?`
`How do you register a GCP Service Connector that uses account impersonation to access the zenml-bucket-sl GCS bucket?`	esource-id zenml-bucket-sl[object Object][object Object]Example Command OutputError: Service connector 'gcp-empty-sa' verification failed: connector authorization failure: failed to fetch GCS bucket[object Object][object Object]zenml-bucket-sl: 403 GET [object Object]:[object Object][object Object][object Object] does not have storage.buckets.get access to the Google Cloud Storage bucket.[object Object][object Object]Permission 'storage.buckets.get' denied on resource (or it may not exist).[object Object][object Object]Next, we'll register a GCP Service Connector that actually uses account impersonation to access the zenml-bucket-sl GCS bucket and verify that it can actually access the bucket:[object Object][object Object]zenml service-connector register gcp-impersonate-sa --type gcp --auth-method impersonation --service_account_json=@[object Object] --project_id=zenml-core --target_principal=[object Object] --resource-type gcs-bucket --resource-id gs://zenml-bucket-sl[object Object][object Object]Example Command Output[object Object][object Object]Expanding argument value service_account_json to contents of file /home/stefan/aspyre/src/zenml/empty-[object Object].[object Object][object Object]Successfully registered service connector [object Object] with access to the following resources:[object Object][object Object]┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓[object Object][object Object]┃ RESOURCE TYPE │ RESOURCE NAMES ┃[object Object][object Object]┠───────────────┼──────────────────────┨[object Object][object Object]┃ 📦 gcs-bucket │ gs://zenml-bucket-sl ┃[object Object][object Object]┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛[object Object][object Object]External Account (GCP Workload Identity)[object Object][object Object]Use GCP workload identity federation to authenticate to GCP services using AWS IAM credentials, Azure Active Directory credentials or generic OIDC tokens.	`What is the process for setting up a ZenML pipeline using AWS IAM credentials?`
`Can you explain how data validation helps in detecting data drift and model drift in ZenML pipelines?`	of your models at different stages of development.if you have pipelines that regularly ingest new data, you should use data validation to run regular data integrity checks to signal problems before they are propagated downstream.[object Object][object Object]in continuous training pipelines, you should use data validation techniques to compare new training data against a data reference and to compare the performance of newly trained models against previous ones.[object Object][object Object]when you have pipelines that automate batch inference or if you regularly collect data used as input in online inference, you should use data validation to run data drift analyses and detect training-serving skew, data drift and model drift.[object Object][object Object]Data Validator Flavors[object Object][object Object]Data Validator are optional stack components provided by integrations. The following table lists the currently available Data Validators and summarizes their features and the data types and model types that they can be used with in ZenML pipelines:[object Object][object Object]Data Validator Validation Features Data Types Model Types Notes Flavor/Integration Deepchecks data quality[object Object]data drift[object Object]model drift[object Object]model performance tabular: pandas.DataFrame CV: torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader tabular: sklearn.base.ClassifierMixin CV: torch.nn.Module Add Deepchecks data and model validation tests to your pipelines deepchecks Evidently data quality[object Object]data drift[object Object]model drift[object Object]model performance tabular: pandas.DataFrame N/A Use Evidently to generate a variety of data quality and data/model drift reports and visualizations evidently Great Expectations data profiling[object Object]data quality tabular: pandas.DataFrame N/A Perform data testing, documentation and profiling with Great Expectations great_expectations Whylogs/WhyLabs data drift tabular: pandas.DataFrame N/A Generate data profiles with whylogs and upload them to WhyLabs whylogs[object Object][object Object]If you would like to see the available flavors of Data Validator, you can use the command:[object Object][object Object]zenml data-validator flavor list[object Object][object Object]How to use it	`What are the best practices for deploying web applications using Docker and Kubernetes?`

Loss: MatryoshkaLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "loss": "TripletLoss", 3 "matryoshka_dims": [ 4 384, 5 256, 6 128, 7 64 8 ], 9 "matryoshka_weights": [ 10 1, 11 1, 12 1, 13 1 14 ], 15 "n_dims_per_step": -1 16}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: epoch
per_device_train_batch_size: 32
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
gradient_accumulation_steps: 16
learning_rate: 2e-05
num_train_epochs: 4
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
warmup_ratio: 0.1
bf16: True
tf32: True
load_best_model_at_end: True
optim: adamw_torch_fused
batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: epoch
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 32
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 16
eval_accumulation_steps: None
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 4
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: True
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: True
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: True
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: True
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch_fused
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: False
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
batch_sampler: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	dim_128_cosine_map@100	dim_256_cosine_map@100	dim_384_cosine_map@100	dim_64_cosine_map@100
0.6667	1	0.3884	0.4332	0.4464	0.3140
2.0	3	0.4064	0.4195	0.4431	0.3553
2.6667	4	0.3989	0.4034	0.4358	0.3466

The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.14
Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
Transformers: 4.41.2
PyTorch: 2.3.1+cu121
Accelerate: 0.31.0
Datasets: 2.19.1
Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

bibtex

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning}, 
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

TripletLoss

bibtex

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification}, 
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}

	positive	anchor	negative
type	string	string	string
details	min: 9 tokens mean: 21.02 tokens max: 64 tokens	min: 23 tokens mean: 375.16 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 10 tokens mean: 17.51 tokens max: 31 tokens