Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct is a generative text model featuring 11 billion parameters. It is an instruct fine-tuned version of the Bielik-11B-v2. Forementioned model stands as a testament to the unique collaboration between the open-science/open-souce project SpeakLeash and the High Performance Computing (HPC) center: ACK Cyfronet AGH. Developed and trained on Polish text corpora, which has been cherry-picked and processed by the SpeakLeash team, this endeavor leverages Polish large-scale computing infrastructure, specifically within the PLGrid environment, and more precisely, the HPC centers: ACK Cyfronet AGH. The creation and training of the Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct was propelled by the support of computational grant number PLG/2024/016951, conducted on the Athena and Helios supercomputer, enabling the use of cutting-edge technology and computational resources essential for large-scale machine learning processes. As a result, the model exhibits an exceptional ability to understand and process the Polish language, providing accurate responses and performing a variety of linguistic tasks with high precision.

🗣️ Chat Arena*: https://arena.speakleash.org.pl/

*Chat Arena is a platform for testing and comparing different AI language models, allowing users to evaluate their performance and quality.

Model

The SpeakLeash team is working on their own set of instructions in Polish, which is continuously being expanded and refined by annotators. A portion of these instructions, which had been manually verified and corrected, has been utilized for training purposes. Moreover, due to the limited availability of high-quality instructions in Polish, synthetic instructions were generated with Mixtral 8x22B and used in training. The dataset used for training comprised over 20 million instructions, consisting of more than 10 billion tokens. The instructions varied in quality, leading to a deterioration in the model’s performance. To counteract this while still allowing ourselves to utilize the aforementioned datasets, several improvements were introduced:

Weighted tokens level loss - a strategy inspired by offline reinforcement learning and C-RLFT
Adaptive learning rate inspired by the study on Learning Rates as a Function of Batch Size
Masked prompt tokens

To align the model with user preferences we tested many different techniques: DPO, PPO, KTO, SiMPO. Finally the DPO-Positive method was employed, utilizing both generated and manually corrected examples, which were scored by a metamodel. A dataset comprising over 60,000 examples of varying lengths to address different aspects of response style. It was filtered and evaluated by the reward model to select instructions with the right level of difference between chosen and rejected. The novelty introduced in DPO-P was multi-turn conversations introduction.

Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct has been trained with the use of an original open source framework called ALLaMo implemented by Krzysztof Ociepa. This framework allows users to train language models with architecture similar to LLaMA and Mistral in fast and efficient way.

Model description:

Developed by: SpeakLeash & ACK Cyfronet AGH
Language: Polish
Model type: causal decoder-only
Finetuned from: Bielik-11B-v2
License: Apache 2.0
Model ref: speakleash:a05d7fe0995e191985a863b48a39259b

Quantized models:

We know that some people want to explore smaller models or don't have the resources to run a full model. Therefore, we have prepared quantized versions of the Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct model in separate repositories:

GGUF - Q4_K_M, Q5_K_M, Q6_K, Q8_0
GPTQ - 4bit
FP8 (vLLM, SGLang - Ada Lovelace, Hopper optimized)
GGUF - experimental - IQ imatrix IQ1_M, IQ2_XXS, IQ3_XXS, IQ4_XS and calibrated Q4_K_M, Q5_K_M, Q6_K, Q8_0

Please note that quantized models may offer lower quality of generated answers compared to full sized variatns.

Chat template

Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct uses ChatML as the prompt format.

E.g.

prompt = "<s><|im_start|> user\nJakie mamy pory roku?<|im_end|> \n<|im_start|> assistant\n"
completion = "W Polsce mamy 4 pory roku: wiosna, lato, jesień i zima.<|im_end|> \n"

This format is available as a chat template via the apply_chat_template() method:

python

import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

device = "cuda" # the device to load the model onto

model_name = "speakleash/Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_name, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)

messages = [
    {"role": "system", "content": "Odpowiadaj krótko, precyzyjnie i wyłącznie w języku polskim."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "Jakie mamy pory roku w Polsce?"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": "W Polsce mamy 4 pory roku: wiosna, lato, jesień i zima."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "Która jest najcieplejsza?"}
]

input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, return_tensors="pt")

model_inputs = input_ids.to(device)
model.to(device)

generated_ids = model.generate(model_inputs, max_new_tokens=1000, do_sample=True)
decoded = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids)
print(decoded[0])

Fully formated input conversation by apply_chat_template from previous example:

<s><|im_start|> system
Odpowiadaj krótko, precyzyjnie i wyłącznie w języku polskim.<|im_end|> 
<|im_start|> user
Jakie mamy pory roku w Polsce?<|im_end|> 
<|im_start|> assistant
W Polsce mamy 4 pory roku: wiosna, lato, jesień i zima.<|im_end|> 
<|im_start|> user
Która jest najcieplejsza?<|im_end|>

Evaluation

Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct has been evaluated on several benchmarks to assess its performance across various tasks and languages. These benchmarks include:

Open PL LLM Leaderboard
Open LLM Leaderboard
Polish MT-Bench
Polish EQ-Bench (Emotional Intelligence Benchmark)
MixEval

The following sections provide detailed results for each of these benchmarks, demonstrating the model's capabilities in both Polish and English language tasks.

Open PL LLM Leaderboard

Models have been evaluated on Open PL LLM Leaderboard 5-shot. The benchmark evaluates models in NLP tasks like sentiment analysis, categorization, text classification but does not test chatting skills. Average column is an average score among all tasks normalized by baseline scores.

Model	Parameters (B)	Average
Meta-Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct-FP8,API	405	69.44
Mistral-Large-Instruct-2407	123	69.11
Qwen2-72B-Instruct	72	65.87
Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	11	65.57
Meta-Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct	70	65.49
Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	11	65.45
Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1	141	65.23
Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	11	64.98
Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct	70	64.45
Athene-70B	70	63.65
WizardLM-2-8x22B	141	62.35
Qwen1.5-72B-Chat	72	58.67
Qwen2-57B-A14B-Instruct	57	56.89
glm-4-9b-chat	9	56.61
aya-23-35B	35	56.37
Phi-3.5-MoE-instruct	41.9	56.34
openchat-3.5-0106-gemma	7	55.69
Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407	12	55.27
SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0	10.7	55.24
Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1	46.7	55.07
Bielik-7B-Instruct-v0.1	7	44.70
trurl-2-13b-academic	13	36.28
trurl-2-7b	7	26.93

The results from the Open PL LLM Leaderboard demonstrate the exceptional performance of Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct:

Superior performance in its class: Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct outperforms all other models with less than 70B parameters. This is a significant achievement, showcasing its efficiency and effectiveness despite having fewer parameters than many competitors.
Competitive with larger models: with a score of 65.45, Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct performs on par with models in the 70B parameter range. This indicates that it achieves comparable results to much larger models, demonstrating its advanced architecture and training methodology.
Substantial improvement over previous version: the model shows a marked improvement over its predecessor, Bielik-7B-Instruct-v0.1, which scored 43.64. This leap in performance highlights the successful enhancements and optimizations implemented in this newer version.
Leading position for Polish language models: in the context of Polish language models, Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct stands out as a leader. There are no other competitive models specifically tailored for the Polish language that match its performance, making it a crucial resource for Polish NLP tasks.

These results underscore Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct's position as a state-of-the-art model for Polish language processing, offering high performance with relatively modest computational requirements.

Open PL LLM Leaderboard - Generative Tasks Performance

This section presents a focused comparison of generative Polish language task performance between Bielik models and GPT-3.5. The evaluation is limited to generative tasks due to the constraints of assessing OpenAI models. The comprehensive nature and associated costs of the benchmark explain the limited number of models evaluated.

Model	Parameters (B)	Average g
Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	11	66.58
Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	11	66.11
Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	11	65.58
gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct	Unknown	55.65

The performance variation among Bielik versions is minimal, indicating consistent quality across iterations. Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct demonstrates an impressive 19.6% performance advantage over GPT-3.5.

Open LLM Leaderboard

The Open LLM Leaderboard evaluates models on various English language tasks, providing insights into the model's performance across different linguistic challenges.

Model	AVG	arc_challenge	hellaswag	truthfulqa_mc2	mmlu	winogrande	gsm8k
Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	69.86	59.90	80.16	58.34	64.34	75.30	81.12
Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	69.82	59.56	80.20	59.35	64.18	75.06	80.59
Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	68.04	58.62	78.65	54.65	63.71	76.32	76.27
Bielik-11B-v2	65.87	60.58	79.84	46.13	63.06	77.82	67.78
Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2	65.71	63.14	84.88	68.26	60.78	77.19	40.03
Bielik-7B-Instruct-v0.1	51.26	47.53	68.91	49.47	46.18	65.51	29.95

Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct shows impressive performance on English language tasks:

Significant improvement over its base model (4-point increase).
Substantial 18-point improvement over Bielik-7B-Instruct-v0.1.

These results demonstrate Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct's versatility in both Polish and English, highlighting the effectiveness of its instruction tuning process.

Polish MT-Bench

The Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct (16 bit) model was also evaluated using the MT-Bench benchmark. The quality of the model was evaluated using the English version (original version without modifications) and the Polish version created by Speakleash (tasks and evaluation in Polish, the content of the tasks was also changed to take into account the context of the Polish language).

MT-Bench English

Model	Score
Bielik-11B-v2.1	8.537500
Bielik-11B-v2.2	8.390625
Bielik-11B-v2.0	8.159375

MT-Bench Polish

Model	Parameters (B)	Score
Qwen2-72B-Instruct	72	8.775000
Mistral-Large-Instruct-2407 (123B)	123	8.662500
gemma-2-27b-it	27	8.618750
Mixtral-8x22b	141	8.231250
Meta-Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct	405	8.168750
Meta-Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct	70	8.150000
Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	11	8.115625
Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	11	7.996875
gpt-3.5-turbo	Unknown	7.868750
Mixtral-8x7b	46.7	7.637500
Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	11	7.562500
Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407	12	7.368750
openchat-3.5-0106-gemma	7	6.812500
Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2	7	6.556250
Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct	8	6.556250
Bielik-7B-Instruct-v0.1	7	6.081250
Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3	7	5.818750
Polka-Mistral-7B-SFT	7	4.518750
trurl-2-7b	7	2.762500

Key observations on Bielik-11B-v2.1 performance:

Strong performance among mid-sized models: Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct scored 7.996875, placing it ahead of several well-known models like GPT-3.5-turbo (7.868750) and Mixtral-8x7b (7.637500). This indicates that Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct is competitive among mid-sized models, particularly those in the 11B-70B parameter range.
Competitive against larger models: Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct performs close to Meta-Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct (8.150000), Meta-Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct (8.168750) and even Mixtral-8x22b (8.231250), which have significantly more parameters. This efficiency in performance relative to size could make it an attractive option for tasks where resource constraints are a consideration. Bielik 100% generated answers in Polish, while other models (not typically trained for Polish) can answer Polish questions in English.
Significant improvement over previous versions: compared to its predecessor, Bielik-7B-Instruct-v0.1, which scored 6.081250, the Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct shows a significant improvement. The score increased by almost 2 points, highlighting substantial advancements in model quality, optimization and training methodology.

For more information - answers to test tasks and values in each category, visit the MT-Bench PL website.

Polish EQ-Bench

Polish Emotional Intelligence Benchmark for LLMs

Model	Parameters (B)	Score
Mistral-Large-Instruct-2407	123	78.07
Meta-Llama-3.1-405B-Instruct-FP8	405	77.23
gpt-4o-2024-08-06	?	75.15
gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09	?	74.59
Meta-Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct	70	72.53
Qwen2-72B-Instruct	72	71.23
Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct	70	71.21
gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18	?	71.15
WizardLM-2-8x22B	141	69.56
Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	11	69.05
Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	11	68.24
Qwen1.5-72B-Chat	72	68.03
Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1	141	67.63
Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	11	60.07
Qwen1.5-32B-Chat	32	59.63
openchat-3.5-0106-gemma	7	59.58
aya-23-35B	35	58.41
gpt-3.5-turbo	?	57.7
Qwen2-57B-A14B-Instruct	57	57.64
Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1	47	57.61
SOLAR-10.7B-Instruct-v1.0	10.7	55.21
Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2	7	47.02

MixEval

MixEval is a ground-truth-based English benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently and effectively. Key features of MixEval include:

Derived from off-the-shelf benchmark mixtures
Highly capable model ranking with a 0.96 correlation to Chatbot Arena
Local and quick execution, requiring only 6% of the time and cost compared to running MMLU

This benchmark provides a robust and time-efficient method for assessing LLM performance, making it a valuable tool for ongoing model evaluation and comparison.

Model	MixEval	MixEval-Hard
Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	74.55	45.00
Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	72.35	39.65
Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	72.10	40.20
Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2	70.00	36.20

The results show that Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct performs well on the MixEval benchmark, achieving a score of 74.55 on the standard MixEval and 45.00 on MixEval-Hard. Notably, Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct significantly outperforms Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 on both metrics, demonstrating its improved capabilities despite being based on a similar architecture.

Chat Arena PL

Chat Arena PL is a human-evaluated benchmark that provides a direct comparison of model performance through head-to-head battles. Unlike the automated benchmarks mentioned above, this evaluation relies on human judgment to assess the quality and effectiveness of model responses. The results offer valuable insights into how different models perform in real-world, conversational scenarios as perceived by human evaluators.

Results accessed on 2024-08-26.

#	Model	Battles	Won	Lost	Draws	Win %	ELO
1	Bielik-11B-v2.2-Instruct	92	72	14	6	83.72%	1234
2	Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct	240	171	50	19	77.38%	1174
3	gpt-4o-mini	639	402	117	120	77.46%	1141
4	Mistral Large 2 (2024-07)	324	188	69	67	73.15%	1125
5	Llama-3.1-405B	548	297	144	107	67.35%	1090
6	Bielik-11B-v2.0-Instruct	1289	695	352	242	66.38%	1059
7	Llama-3.1-70B	498	221	187	90	54.17%	1033
8	Bielik-1-7B	2041	1029	638	374	61.73%	1020
9	Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1	432	166	167	99	49.85%	1018
10	Qwen2-72B	451	179	177	95	50.28%	1011
11	gpt-3.5-turbo	2186	1007	731	448	57.94%	1008
12	Llama-3.1-8B	440	155	227	58	40.58%	975
13	Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1	1997	794	804	399	49.69%	973
14	Llama-3-70b	2008	733	909	366	44.64%	956
15	Mistral Nemo (2024-07)	301	84	164	53	33.87%	954
16	Llama-3-8b	1911	473	1091	347	30.24%	909
17	gemma-7b-it	1928	418	1221	289	25.5%	888

The results show that Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct outperforms almost all other models in this benchmark. This impressive performance demonstrates its effectiveness in real-world conversational scenarios, as judged by human evaluators.

Limitations and Biases

Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct is a quick demonstration that the base model can be easily fine-tuned to achieve compelling and promising performance. It does not have any moderation mechanisms. We're looking forward to engaging with the community in ways to make the model respect guardrails, allowing for deployment in environments requiring moderated outputs.

Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct can produce factually incorrect output, and should not be relied on to produce factually accurate data. Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct was trained on various public datasets. While great efforts have been taken to clear the training data, it is possible that this model can generate lewd, false, biased or otherwise offensive outputs.

Citation

Please cite this model using the following format:

@misc{Bielik11Bv21i,
    title     = {Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct model card},
    author    = {Ociepa, Krzysztof and Flis, Łukasz and Kinas, Remigiusz and Gwoździej, Adrian and Wróbel, Krzysztof and {SpeakLeash Team} and {Cyfronet Team}},
    year      = {2024},
    url       = {https://huggingface.co/speakleash/Bielik-11B-v2.1-Instruct},
    note      = {Accessed: 2024-09-10}, % change this date
    urldate   = {2024-09-10} % change this date
}
@unpublished{Bielik11Bv21a,
  author = {Ociepa, Krzysztof and Flis, Łukasz and Kinas, Remigiusz and Gwoździej, Adrian and Wróbel, Krzysztof},
  title  = {Bielik: A Family of Large Language Models for the Polish Language - Development, Insights, and Evaluation},
  year   = {2024},
}
@misc{ociepa2024bielik7bv01polish,
      title={Bielik 7B v0.1: A Polish Language Model -- Development, Insights, and Evaluation}, 
      author={Krzysztof Ociepa and Łukasz Flis and Krzysztof Wróbel and Adrian Gwoździej and Remigiusz Kinas},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2410.18565},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18565}, 
}

Responsible for training the model

Krzysztof Ociepa^SpeakLeash - team leadership, conceptualizing, data preparation, process optimization and oversight of training
Łukasz Flis^{Cyfronet AGH} - coordinating and supervising the training
Remigiusz Kinas^SpeakLeash - conceptualizing and coordinating DPO training, data preparation
Adrian Gwoździej^SpeakLeash - data preparation and ensuring data quality
Krzysztof Wróbel^SpeakLeash - benchmarks

The model could not have been created without the commitment and work of the entire SpeakLeash team, whose contribution is invaluable. Thanks to the hard work of many individuals, it was possible to gather a large amount of content in Polish and establish collaboration between the open-science SpeakLeash project and the HPC center: ACK Cyfronet AGH. Individuals who contributed to the creation of the model: Sebastian Kondracki, Igor Ciuciura, Paweł Kiszczak, Szymon Baczyński, Jacek Chwiła, Maria Filipkowska, Jan Maria Kowalski, Karol Jezierski, Kacper Milan, Jan Sowa, Len Krawczyk, Marta Seidler, Agnieszka Ratajska, Krzysztof Koziarek, Szymon Pepliński, Zuzanna Dabić, Filip Bogacz, Agnieszka Kosiak, Izabela Babis, Nina Babis.

Members of the ACK Cyfronet AGH team providing valuable support and expertise: Szymon Mazurek, Marek Magryś, Mieszko Cholewa .

Contact Us

If you have any questions or suggestions, please use the discussion tab. If you want to contact us directly, join our Discord SpeakLeash.