This is a Cross Encoder model trained on the msmarco dataset using the sentence-transformers library. It computes scores for pairs of texts, which can be used for text reranking and semantic search.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Cross Encoder

Maximum Sequence Length: 8192 tokens
Number of Output Labels: 1 label
Training Dataset:
- msmarco
Language: en

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Documentation: Cross Encoder Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Cross Encoders on Hugging Face

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = CrossEncoder("skfrost19/reranker-gte-multilingual-base-msmarco-bce-ep-2")
# Get scores for pairs of texts
pairs = [
    ['what symptoms might a patient with a tmd have', 'TMD sufferers have a long list of symptoms, including chronic pain (https://youtu.be/SvMaJb8o2RI), many of which are in common with Parkinsonâ\x80\x99s disease (PD) symptoms.'],
    ['what is a thermal protector', 'The word hero comes from the Greek á¼¥Ï\x81Ï\x89Ï\x82 (hÄ\x93rÅ\x8ds), hero, warrior, particularly one such as Heracles with divine ancestry or later given divine honors. literally protector or defender.'],
    ['how many copies of call of duty wwii sold', 'Call of Duty 3. Call of Duty 3 is a World War II first-person shooter and the third installment in the Call of Duty video game series. Released on November 7, 2006, the game was developed by Treyarch, and was the first major installment in the Call of Duty series not to be developed by Infinity Ward. It was also the first not to be released on the PC platform. It was released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360.'],
    ['what is the desired temperature for the fresh food compartment in a refrigerator', 'A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water. Optimum temperature range for perishable food storage is 3 to 5 Â°C (37 to 41 Â°F).emperature settings for refrigerator and freezer compartments are often given arbitrary numbers by manufacturers (for example, 1 through 9, warmest to coldest), but generally 3 to 5 Â°C (37 to 41 Â°F) is ideal for the refrigerator compartment and â\x88\x9218 Â°C (0 Â°F) for the freezer.'],
    ['what is gsm alarm system', 'Iâ\x80\x99m sure you would have these questions in your mind when you heard GSM alarm system at the first time. GSM alarm system is an alarm system that operating through GSM (global system for mobile communications) network; not requiring a telephone line.urthermore, in the case of burglar entering the premises and cutting the telephone line, the GSM alarm would not be affected and still work as it does not require the use of a fixed phone line. So this security alarm is ideal for the place where no fixed phone line or hard to get one.'],
]
scores = model.predict(pairs)
print(scores.shape)
# (5,)

# Or rank different texts based on similarity to a single text
ranks = model.rank(
    'what symptoms might a patient with a tmd have',
    [
        'TMD sufferers have a long list of symptoms, including chronic pain (https://youtu.be/SvMaJb8o2RI), many of which are in common with Parkinsonâ\x80\x99s disease (PD) symptoms.',
        'The word hero comes from the Greek á¼¥Ï\x81Ï\x89Ï\x82 (hÄ\x93rÅ\x8ds), hero, warrior, particularly one such as Heracles with divine ancestry or later given divine honors. literally protector or defender.',
        'Call of Duty 3. Call of Duty 3 is a World War II first-person shooter and the third installment in the Call of Duty video game series. Released on November 7, 2006, the game was developed by Treyarch, and was the first major installment in the Call of Duty series not to be developed by Infinity Ward. It was also the first not to be released on the PC platform. It was released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360.',
        'A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water. Optimum temperature range for perishable food storage is 3 to 5 Â°C (37 to 41 Â°F).emperature settings for refrigerator and freezer compartments are often given arbitrary numbers by manufacturers (for example, 1 through 9, warmest to coldest), but generally 3 to 5 Â°C (37 to 41 Â°F) is ideal for the refrigerator compartment and â\x88\x9218 Â°C (0 Â°F) for the freezer.',
        'Iâ\x80\x99m sure you would have these questions in your mind when you heard GSM alarm system at the first time. GSM alarm system is an alarm system that operating through GSM (global system for mobile communications) network; not requiring a telephone line.urthermore, in the case of burglar entering the premises and cutting the telephone line, the GSM alarm would not be affected and still work as it does not require the use of a fixed phone line. So this security alarm is ideal for the place where no fixed phone line or hard to get one.',
    ]
)
# [{'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, {'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, ...]

Evaluation

Metrics

Cross Encoder Reranking

Datasets: NanoMSMARCO_R100, NanoNFCorpus_R100 and NanoNQ_R100
Evaluated with CrossEncoderRerankingEvaluator with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "at_k": 10, 3 "always_rerank_positives": true 4}

Metric	NanoMSMARCO_R100	NanoNFCorpus_R100	NanoNQ_R100
map	0.6439 (+0.1543)	0.3324 (+0.0714)	0.6174 (+0.1978)
mrr@10	0.6382 (+0.1607)	0.5372 (+0.0374)	0.6412 (+0.2145)
ndcg@10	0.7008 (+0.1604)	0.3732 (+0.0482)	0.6888 (+0.1881)

Cross Encoder Nano BEIR

Dataset: NanoBEIR_R100_mean
Evaluated with CrossEncoderNanoBEIREvaluator with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "dataset_names": [ 3 "msmarco", 4 "nfcorpus", 5 "nq" 6 ], 7 "rerank_k": 100, 8 "at_k": 10, 9 "always_rerank_positives": true 10}

Metric	Value
map	0.5312 (+0.1412)
mrr@10	0.6055 (+0.1375)
ndcg@10	0.5876 (+0.1322)

Training Details

Training Dataset

msmarco

Dataset: msmarco at 9e329ed
Size: 1,990,000 training samples
Columns: query, passage, and score
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
query passage score
type string string float
details
min: 11 characters
mean: 34.61 characters
max: 124 characters
min: 82 characters
mean: 357.43 characters
max: 1034 characters
min: 0.0
mean: 0.49
max: 1.0

Samples:

query	passage	score
`what causes your tailbone to hurt`	A coccyx injury results in pain and discomfort in the tailbone area (the condition is called coccydynia). These injuries may result in a bruise, dislocation, or fracture (break) of the coccyx. Although they may be slow to heal, the majority of coccyx injuries can be managed with cautious treatment.ost tailbone injuries are caused by trauma to the coccyx area. 1 A fall onto the tailbone in the seated position, usually against a hard surface, is the most common cause of coccyx injuries. 2 A direct blow to the tailbone, such as those that occur during contact sports, can injure the coccyx.	`1.0`
`what muscles do trunk lateral flexion`	`Itâs the same with the External Obliques, but unlike the External Obliques, they are not visible when fully developed. Action: 1 Supports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure and, with muscles of other side, abducts and rotates trunk. 2 Contraction of one side alone laterally bends the trunk to that side and rotates the trunk to the other side.`	`0.0`
`brake horsepower definition`	`When the brake lights will not come on, the first thing to check is the third-brake light. If it too is not working, the brake-light switch, a bad fuse or an unplugged harness is likely.ull up on the brake pedal and if the lights go out, switch mis-alignment or pedal position error is the likely cause. The final possibility is a wire shorted to power. Unplug the brake-light switch and if the lights stay on, a short circuit is the case.`	`0.0`

Loss: BinaryCrossEntropyLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "activation_fn": "torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity", 3 "pos_weight": null 4}

Evaluation Dataset

msmarco

Dataset: msmarco at 9e329ed
Size: 10,000 evaluation samples
Columns: query, passage, and score
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
query passage score
type string string float
details
min: 9 characters
mean: 33.72 characters
max: 193 characters
min: 55 characters
mean: 353.35 characters
max: 895 characters
min: 0.0
mean: 0.5
max: 1.0

Samples:

query	passage	score
`what symptoms might a patient with a tmd have`	`TMD sufferers have a long list of symptoms, including chronic pain ([object Object]), many of which are in common with Parkinsonâs disease (PD) symptoms.`	`1.0`
`what is a thermal protector`	`The word hero comes from the Greek á¼¥ÏÏÏ (hÄrÅs), hero, warrior, particularly one such as Heracles with divine ancestry or later given divine honors. literally protector or defender.`	`0.0`
`how many copies of call of duty wwii sold`	`Call of Duty 3. Call of Duty 3 is a World War II first-person shooter and the third installment in the Call of Duty video game series. Released on November 7, 2006, the game was developed by Treyarch, and was the first major installment in the Call of Duty series not to be developed by Infinity Ward. It was also the first not to be released on the PC platform. It was released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox, and Xbox 360.`	`0.0`

Loss: BinaryCrossEntropyLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "activation_fn": "torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity", 3 "pos_weight": null 4}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 156
per_device_eval_batch_size: 156
learning_rate: 2e-05
num_train_epochs: 2
warmup_ratio: 0.1
seed: 12
bf16: True
dataloader_num_workers: 4
load_best_model_at_end: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 156
per_device_eval_batch_size: 156
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 2
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 12
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: True
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 4
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: True
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
tp_size: 0
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	NanoMSMARCO_R100_ndcg@10	NanoNFCorpus_R100_ndcg@10	NanoNQ_R100_ndcg@10	NanoBEIR_R100_mean_ndcg@10
-1	-1	-	-	0.6561 (+0.1157)	0.3777 (+0.0527)	0.6548 (+0.1541)	0.5629 (+0.1075)
0.0001	1	0.1089	-	-	-	-	-
0.3136	4000	0.1258	-	-	-	-	-
0.6271	8000	0.1185	-	-	-	-	-
0.7839	10000	-	0.1177	0.7008 (+0.1604)	0.3732 (+0.0482)	0.6888 (+0.1881)	0.5876 (+0.1322)
0.9407	12000	0.1231	-	-	-	-	-
-1	-1	-	-	0.7008 (+0.1604)	0.3732 (+0.0482)	0.6888 (+0.1881)	0.5876 (+0.1322)

The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

Python: 3.11.5
Sentence Transformers: 4.0.1
Transformers: 4.50.3
PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
Accelerate: 1.6.0
Datasets: 3.5.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

	query	passage	score
type	string	string	float
details	min: 11 characters mean: 34.61 characters max: 124 characters	min: 82 characters mean: 357.43 characters max: 1034 characters	min: 0.0 mean: 0.49 max: 1.0