This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/clip-ViT-L-14 on the yt-title-thumbnail-pairs dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a None-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

A YouTube video and blog post walking through the model training are linked below.

Links:

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: sentence-transformers/clip-ViT-L-14
Maximum Sequence Length: None tokens
Output Dimensionality: None dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Training Dataset:
- yt-title-thumbnail-pairs

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): CLIPModel()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("shawhin/clip-title-thumbnail-embeddings")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'My $100,000+ Data Science Resume (what got me hired)',
    'The Mapper Algorithm | Overview & Python Example Code',
    'How to Build Data Pipelines for ML Projects (w/ Python Code)',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Datasets: yt-title-thumbnail-train and yt-title-thumbnail-valid
Evaluated with TripletEvaluator

Metric	yt-title-thumbnail-train	yt-title-thumbnail-valid
cosine_accuracy	1.0	1.0

Training Details

Training Dataset

yt-title-thumbnail-pairs

Dataset: yt-title-thumbnail-pairs at f97327c
Size: 53 training samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
Approximate statistics based on the first 53 samples:
anchor positive negative
type PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile string string
details
min: 9 tokens
mean: 15.04 tokens
max: 27 tokens
min: 10 tokens
mean: 15.3 tokens
max: 27 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
`<PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=480x360 at 0x32F2AB290>`	`Multimodal RAG: A Beginner-friendly Guide (with Python Code)`	`What Nature Can Teach Us About Business...`
`<PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=480x360 at 0x32F2ABB00>`	`Detecting Power Laws in Real-world Data`	w/ Python Code
`<PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=480x360 at 0x32F2AB260>`	`I Quit My Job… Here’s How Much I Made 1 Year Later`	`Persistent Homology`

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" 4}

Evaluation Dataset

yt-title-thumbnail-pairs

Dataset: yt-title-thumbnail-pairs at f97327c
Size: 11 evaluation samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
Approximate statistics based on the first 11 samples:
anchor positive negative
type PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile string string
details
min: 8 tokens
mean: 14.27 tokens
max: 21 tokens
min: 8 tokens
mean: 14.36 tokens
max: 19 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
`<PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=480x360 at 0x32F2ABCB0>`	`I Was Wrong About AI Consulting (what I learned)`	`How to Make a Data Science Portfolio With GitHub Pages (2024)`
`<PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=480x360 at 0x16DA415B0>`	`My $100,000+ Data Science Resume (what got me hired)`	`The Mapper Algorithm`
`<PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile image mode=RGB size=480x360 at 0x16DA43590>`	`4 Skills You Need to Be a Full-Stack Data Scientist`	`Fine-Tuning Text Embeddings For Domain-specific Search (w/ Python)`

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" 4}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: epoch
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
learning_rate: 0.0001
num_train_epochs: 2

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: epoch
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 16
per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 0.0001
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 2
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.0
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	yt-title-thumbnail-train_cosine_accuracy	yt-title-thumbnail-valid_cosine_accuracy
0	0	-	-	0.9623	1.0
0.25	1	2.0056	-	-	-
0.5	2	1.9543	-	-	-
0.75	3	1.6954	-	-	-
1.0	4	0.7505	1.4916	-	-
1.25	5	1.5534	-	-	-
1.5	6	1.2892	-	-	-
1.75	7	1.3283	-	-	-
2.0	8	0.3315	1.4990	1.0	1.0

Framework Versions

Python: 3.12.8
Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
Transformers: 4.48.0
PyTorch: 2.3.0
Accelerate: 1.3.0
Datasets: 3.2.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

bibtex

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

	anchor	positive	negative
type	PIL.JpegImagePlugin.JpegImageFile	string	string
details		min: 9 tokens mean: 15.04 tokens max: 27 tokens	min: 10 tokens mean: 15.3 tokens max: 27 tokens