Judgment Subtypes — TULIO token classifier (Chilean Spanish)
This model tags the five Judgment subtypes of Appraisal Theory in Systemic Functional Linguistics: normality, capacity and tenacity under Social Esteem, veracity and propriety under Social Sanction. It is a TULIO encoder with a token-classification head,
fine-tuned on the
Chilean Spanish Attitude Corpus,
and it is the
transformers entry for
Judgment Subtypes in Table 3 of the
accompanying paper. The released weights are the seed-42 run whose predictions
produce the value printed there.
Content warning. The training corpus was collected around episodes of
political conflict in Chile and contains insults, hate speech and threats. The
model was fitted on that language and will reproduce its distribution.
Labels
The model emits flat token labels over the classes
capacity, normality, propriety, tenacity, veracity, plus O. A span is a maximal contiguous run of the same
non-O class.
Usage
1from transformers import pipeline
2
3tagger = pipeline(
4 "token-classification",
5 model="jorgeortizfuentes/chilean-spanish-judgment-subtypes-bert-tulio",
6 aggregation_strategy="simple",
7)
8print(tagger("Ese diputado es un sinvergüenza y el proyecto es lamentable."))
The labels are flat token classes without BIO prefixes, so a span is a maximal
contiguous run of the same non-O class; aggregation_strategy="simple"
reproduces that grouping. Training and evaluation used pre-tokenized words
(is_split_into_words=True, max_length=512), with the label of a word on its
first sub-token. To reproduce the reported scores, tokenize the corpus tokens
field the same way and read the prediction of each word's first sub-token.
Evaluation
Scores are strict span level: a predicted span counts only when its class and
both boundaries match the gold span. They come from the 382-text test split of
the corpus, recomputed from the saved predictions of this run.
| Quantity | Value |
|---|
| Observed run (seed 42), micro F1 | 0.363 |
| Observed run, micro precision / recall | 0.342 / 0.388 |
| Three retrainings (seeds 1, 2, 3), mean ± SD | 0.346 ± 0.012 |
| Per-seed F1 | 0.335, 0.358, 0.344 |
| Expert span-level agreement on this task | 0.600 |
The three retrainings change only the seed. Their spread describes run-to-run
variation of the recipe, not the uncertainty of this checkpoint, and it is not a
significance test. The released weights are the seed-42 run, so its F1 is the
one this file reproduces.
Every score stays below expert agreement. The task is not solved.
Per class
| Label | Precision | Recall | F1 | Gold spans |
|---|
capacity | 0.383 | 0.442 | 0.410 | 129 |
normality | 0.260 | 0.299 | 0.278 | 67 |
propriety | 0.377 | 0.456 | 0.413 | 226 |
tenacity | 0.197 | 0.214 | 0.205 | 56 |
veracity | 0.312 | 0.167 | 0.217 | 30 |
Training data
The corpus holds 2,546 Chilean Spanish texts annotated by three linguists
trained in SFL, split 1,782 / 382 / 382. It is
gated: the source texts are
public posts whose authors did not consent to redistribution, so access is
granted for non-commercial research under the corpus LICENSE. The weights
released here are not gated; they do not redistribute the texts.
The corpus is dominated by tweets (2,420 of 2,546 texts). Letters to the
editor, opinion columns and consumer complaints are present in small numbers.
Training configuration
Base model:
dccuchile/tulio-chilean-spanish-bert (DOI 10.57967/hf/1846).
| Parameter | Value |
|---|
label_type | subtypes_jugdment_tags |
model_name | dccuchile/tulio-chilean-spanish-bert |
max_epochs | 10 |
learning_rate | 2e-05 |
per_device_train_batch_size | 16 |
per_device_eval_batch_size | 32 |
effective_batch_size | 16 |
weight_decay | 0.01 |
warmup_steps | 500 |
warmup_ratio | 0.1 |
evaluation_strategy | epoch |
eval_steps | 500 |
patience | 3 |
max_length | 512 |
gradient_accumulation_steps | 1 |
fp16 | False |
bf16 | False |
max_grad_norm | 1.0 |
lr_scheduler_type | linear |
label_smoothing_factor | 0.1 |
adam_epsilon | 1e-08 |
adam_beta1 | 0.9 |
adam_beta2 | 0.999 |
seed | 42 |
dataloader_num_workers | 0 |
hidden_dropout_prob | None |
attention_probs_dropout_prob | None |
save_total_limit | 2 |
logging_steps | 100 |
Validation scores of this run: accuracy 0.9060, f1 0.3309, precision 0.3185, recall 0.3442.
Intended use
Research on Appraisal, span-level sequence labeling and evaluative language in
Chilean Spanish. The fixed splits allow comparison with the paper.
It is not fit for moderating users, profiling individuals, making decisions
about people, or as a general-purpose sentiment classifier. Attitude analysis
identifies evaluative language and its category; it does not identify who is
right, and a Judgment label is not a finding about the person being judged.
Limitations
Scores are far below what sequence labeling reaches on more established tasks,
and below the agreement of the experts who annotated the data. Judgment
Subtypes is the harder of the two tasks for every architecture tested.
The model was trained on Chilean Spanish from 2010–2022, mostly Twitter.
Under Twitter-only training, both supervised architectures in the paper score
lower outside Twitter, particularly on Judgment Subtypes; cross-genre transfer
is not established. Performance on other varieties of Spanish is untested.
Provenance
| Field | Value |
|---|
| Task column in the corpus | subtypes_jugdment_tags |
| Hyperparameter set | set1_base |
| Seed | 42 |
| Selection | best validation F1 during training |
| Predictions behind the reported score | results/transformers/dccuchile_tulio-chilean-spanish-bert_subtypes_jugdment_tags_set1_base_predictions.parquet in the code repository |
| File | Bytes | SHA-256 |
|---|
config.json | 922 | 1e126a2186684f11… |
model.safetensors | 437,082,952 | e06d8b81b7be3c7a… |
special_tokens_map.json | 695 | 5d5b662e421ea9fa… |
tokenizer.json | 729,619 | 7853d7e22cc6f760… |
tokenizer_config.json | 1,294 | be7d13e2311a8fe6… |
vocab.txt | 241,796 | b8f1c939e21273bd… |
Citation
1@inproceedings{ortizfuentes-attitude-2026,
2 title = {Attitude Analysis in Systemic Functional Linguistics: A New Corpus and Benchmark Task},
3 author = {Ortiz-Fuentes, Jorge and Bravo-Marquez, Felipe and Quiroz, Beatriz},
4 booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2026},
5 year = {2026},
6 note = {To appear}
7}
Cite TULIO as well when you use this model; the encoder is
dccuchile/tulio-chilean-spanish-bert.
License
The fine-tuned weights are released under CC BY 4.0, the license declared by the
TULIO encoder they derive from. The training corpus keeps its own license and
access conditions.