This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 384 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Omar | Kelly | Cunningham, Williams and Williams | omar.kelly@icloud.com | Germany',
    'Omar | Kully |  | omar.kelly@icloud.com | Germany',
    'Karen | Williams | Cunningham Ltd | kwilliams@cunningham-ltd.com | USA',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[ 1.0000,  0.8342,  0.1965],
#         [ 0.8342,  1.0000, -0.0804],
#         [ 0.1965, -0.0804,  1.0000]])

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 601,326 training samples
Columns: anchor, positive, and negative
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
anchor positive negative
type string string string
details
min: 18 tokens
mean: 22.85 tokens
max: 33 tokens
min: 9 tokens
mean: 22.04 tokens
max: 35 tokens
min: 18 tokens
mean: 22.59 tokens
max: 34 tokens

Samples:

anchor	positive	negative
`Shelby \| Carlson \| May, Hobbs and Morrow \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Shelbyx \| Carlson \| May, Hobbs and Morrow \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Becky \| Woods \| Peterson, Brown and Copeland \| [object Object] \| USA`
`Jessica \| Howard \| Walton, Floyd and Roth \| [object Object] \| Germany`	`Jexssica \| Howard \| \| [object Object] \| Germany`	`Benjamin \| Herrera \| Walton, Herring and Cruz \| [object Object] \| USA`
`Sean \| Glover \| Davis, Munoz and Robinson \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Sean \| Glo \| Davis, Munoz and Robinson \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Jeremy \| Brown \| Davis-Murray \| [object Object] \| USA`

Loss: MatryoshkaLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss", 3 "matryoshka_dims": [ 4 384, 5 256, 6 128, 7 64 8 ], 9 "matryoshka_weights": [ 10 1, 11 1, 12 1, 13 1 14 ], 15 "n_dims_per_step": -1 16}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

per_device_train_batch_size: 256
learning_rate: 2e-05
warmup_steps: 704
weight_decay: 0.01
fp16: True
dataloader_num_workers: 4

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

per_device_train_batch_size: 256
num_train_epochs: 3
max_steps: -1
learning_rate: 2e-05
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: None
warmup_steps: 704
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
weight_decay: 0.01
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
optim_target_modules: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
average_tokens_across_devices: True
max_grad_norm: 1.0
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
bf16: False
fp16: True
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
use_liger_kernel: False
liger_kernel_config: None
use_cache: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
auto_find_batch_size: False
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
include_num_input_tokens_seen: no
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
disable_tqdm: False
project: huggingface
trackio_space_id: trackio
eval_strategy: no
per_device_eval_batch_size: 8
prediction_loss_only: True
eval_on_start: False
eval_do_concat_batches: True
eval_use_gather_object: False
eval_accumulation_steps: None
include_for_metrics: []
batch_eval_metrics: False
save_only_model: False
save_on_each_node: False
enable_jit_checkpoint: False
push_to_hub: False
hub_private_repo: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_always_push: False
hub_revision: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
full_determinism: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
use_cpu: False
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
parallelism_config: None
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 4
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
train_sampling_strategy: random
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
ddp_backend: None
ddp_timeout: 1800
fsdp: []
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
deepspeed: None
debug: []
skip_memory_metrics: True
do_predict: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
warmup_ratio: None
local_rank: -1
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
router_mapping: {}
learning_rate_mapping: {}

Training Logs

Click to expand

Epoch	Step	Training Loss
0.0213	50	7.2551
0.0426	100	1.3914
0.0639	150	0.1792
0.0851	200	0.1088
0.1064	250	0.0880
0.1277	300	0.0769
0.1490	350	0.0676
0.1703	400	0.0551
0.1916	450	0.0486
0.2129	500	0.0488
0.2341	550	0.0449
0.2554	600	0.0408
0.2767	650	0.0417
0.2980	700	0.0505
0.3193	750	0.0402
0.3406	800	0.0424
0.3619	850	0.0355
0.3831	900	0.0372
0.4044	950	0.0326
0.4257	1000	0.0314
0.4470	1050	0.0314
0.4683	1100	0.0310
0.4896	1150	0.0265
0.5109	1200	0.0399
0.5321	1250	0.0334
0.5534	1300	0.0256
0.5747	1350	0.0253
0.5960	1400	0.0250
0.6173	1450	0.0302
0.6386	1500	0.0233
0.6599	1550	0.0283
0.6811	1600	0.0275
0.7024	1650	0.0264
0.7237	1700	0.0341
0.7450	1750	0.0263
0.7663	1800	0.0244
0.7876	1850	0.0235
0.8089	1900	0.0270
0.8301	1950	0.0225
0.8514	2000	0.0260
0.8727	2050	0.0225
0.8940	2100	0.0230
0.9153	2150	0.0260
0.9366	2200	0.0228
0.9579	2250	0.0259
0.9791	2300	0.0266
1.0004	2350	0.0201
1.0217	2400	0.0172
1.0430	2450	0.0189
1.0643	2500	0.0200
1.0856	2550	0.0216
1.1069	2600	0.0224
1.1281	2650	0.0205
1.1494	2700	0.0236
1.1707	2750	0.0231
1.1920	2800	0.0182
1.2133	2850	0.0275
1.2346	2900	0.0262
1.2559	2950	0.0230
1.2771	3000	0.0176
1.2984	3050	0.0224
1.3197	3100	0.0222
1.3410	3150	0.0245
1.3623	3200	0.0192
1.3836	3250	0.0168
1.4049	3300	0.0216
1.4261	3350	0.0160
1.4474	3400	0.0174
1.4687	3450	0.0161
1.4900	3500	0.0207
1.5113	3550	0.0238
1.5326	3600	0.0155
1.5539	3650	0.0185
1.5751	3700	0.0170
1.5964	3750	0.0202
1.6177	3800	0.0176
1.6390	3850	0.0237
1.6603	3900	0.0171
1.6816	3950	0.0211
1.7029	4000	0.0180
1.7241	4050	0.0162
1.7454	4100	0.0169
1.7667	4150	0.0200
1.7880	4200	0.0170
1.8093	4250	0.0178
1.8306	4300	0.0210
1.8519	4350	0.0232
1.8731	4400	0.0180
1.8944	4450	0.0173
1.9157	4500	0.0191
1.9370	4550	0.0203
1.9583	4600	0.0155
1.9796	4650	0.0184
2.0009	4700	0.0173
2.0221	4750	0.0151
2.0434	4800	0.0170
2.0647	4850	0.0185
2.0860	4900	0.0146
2.1073	4950	0.0159
2.1286	5000	0.0225
2.1499	5050	0.0152
2.1711	5100	0.0219
2.1924	5150	0.0166
2.2137	5200	0.0190
2.2350	5250	0.0184
2.2563	5300	0.0182
2.2776	5350	0.0241
2.2989	5400	0.0164
2.3201	5450	0.0168
2.3414	5500	0.0203
2.3627	5550	0.0184
2.3840	5600	0.0176
2.4053	5650	0.0204
2.4266	5700	0.0156
2.4479	5750	0.0223
2.4691	5800	0.0216
2.4904	5850	0.0139
2.5117	5900	0.0179
2.5330	5950	0.0180
2.5543	6000	0.0164
2.5756	6050	0.0181
2.5968	6100	0.0212
2.6181	6150	0.0209
2.6394	6200	0.0157
2.6607	6250	0.0203
2.6820	6300	0.0157
2.7033	6350	0.0171
2.7246	6400	0.0163
2.7458	6450	0.0182
2.7671	6500	0.0174
2.7884	6550	0.0158
2.8097	6600	0.0163
2.8310	6650	0.0134
2.8523	6700	0.0189
2.8736	6750	0.0154
2.8948	6800	0.0117
2.9161	6850	0.0136
2.9374	6900	0.0150
2.9587	6950	0.0170
2.9800	7000	0.0137

Framework Versions

Python: 3.11.12
Sentence Transformers: 5.2.3
Transformers: 5.3.0
PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
Accelerate: 1.13.0
Datasets: 4.6.1
Tokenizers: 0.22.2

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

bibtex

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

bibtex

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

anchor	positive	negative
`Shelby \| Carlson \| May, Hobbs and Morrow \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Shelbyx \| Carlson \| May, Hobbs and Morrow \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Becky \| Woods \| Peterson, Brown and Copeland \| [object Object] \| USA`
`Jessica \| Howard \| Walton, Floyd and Roth \| [object Object] \| Germany`	`Jexssica \| Howard \| \| [object Object] \| Germany`	`Benjamin \| Herrera \| Walton, Herring and Cruz \| [object Object] \| USA`
`Sean \| Glover \| Davis, Munoz and Robinson \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Sean \| Glo \| Davis, Munoz and Robinson \| [object Object] \| USA`	`Jeremy \| Brown \| Davis-Murray \| [object Object] \| USA`

	anchor	positive	negative
type	string	string	string
details	min: 18 tokens mean: 22.85 tokens max: 33 tokens	min: 9 tokens mean: 22.04 tokens max: 35 tokens	min: 18 tokens mean: 22.59 tokens max: 34 tokens

jayshah5696/er-bge-small-pipe-ft

SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5

Model Details

Model Description

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

All Hyperparameters

Training Logs

Framework Versions

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

MatryoshkaLoss

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

jayshah5696/
er-bge-small-pipe-ft