Beynele is a Lumina-Image 2.0 based text-to-image model adapted for Kazakh
cultural image generation. It is trained with a data-centric pipeline that
combines curated cultural data, synthetic supervision, revive-before-reject
curation, a base-model anchor dataset, and reference-based evaluation with
Beynele-Bench.
Only the diffusion transformer is adapted. The tokenizer, text encoder,
scheduler, and VAE are carried over from the Lumina-Image 2.0 Diffusers release
to provide a direct from_pretrained loading path.
Training Data Summary
The final training pool contains three branches:
Branch
Examples
Core cultural dataset
196k image-text pairs, about 73k unique images
Text-image dataset
128k examples
Base-model anchor dataset
109k examples
The cultural dataset covers Kazakh people, material culture, buildings,
landmarks, food, national symbols, natural scenes, activities, and text-bearing
images. The full fine-tuning corpus is not released because of privacy,
licensing, and cultural-data governance constraints.
Evaluation
Model
Beynele-Bench
GenEval
WISE
UniGenBench++
Lumina-Image 2.0
4.85
0.73
0.54
64.98
Qwen-Image
6.51
0.87
0.62
78.36
Beynele
7.29
0.74
0.51
65.53
Beynele + prompt mediation
7.01
0.78
0.73
68.89
Beynele-Bench uses 750 prompt-reference pairs and reports the arithmetic mean of
Qwen3-VL 32B and Gemini 2.5 Pro similarity scores on a 1-10 scale.
Intended Use
Beynele is intended for research on cultural text-to-image generation,
low-resource visual adaptation, Kazakh cultural representation, benchmarked T2I
evaluation, and data-centric model adaptation.
Limitations and Safety
The model may hallucinate cultural details, produce imperfect Kazakh text, blur
faces under difficult compositions, or shift prompt details under strong cultural
specialization. It should not be used for identity verification, historical
authentication, or high-stakes cultural documentation. Human review and local
cultural expertise remain important for sensitive uses.
Provenance
The Hub package contains the converted Diffusers transformer/ safetensors used
by Lumina2Pipeline.from_pretrained. The source EMA checkpoint is retained in
the local release backup and cache for internal traceability.
Licensing
Beynele is released under the Apache License 2.0. The model is adapted from
Alpha-VLLM/Lumina-Image-2.0; users should also follow the licenses and terms
of any bundled or upstream components used by the Diffusers pipeline.
Citation
bibtex
1@article{aikyn2026beynele,
2 title = {A Data-Centric Framework for Adapting Text-to-Image Models to Low-Resource Cultural Domains},
3 author = {Aikyn, Nartay and Aryngazin, Anuar and Maxutov, Akylbek and Varol, Huseyin Atakan},
4 year = {2026},
5 note = {Pre-release manuscript}
6}