This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from klue/roberta-base. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: klue/roberta-base
Maximum Sequence Length: 128 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: RobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("dev7halo/Ko-sroberta-base-multitask")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    '한국기후·환경네트워크는 콘텐츠 기획 및 개발과 인센티브 제공 등 앱 운영을 주관하고 한국환경공단, 한국환경산업기술원은 앱 제작물 개발과 운영예산 등을 지원한다.',
    '한국기후환경네트워크는 콘텐츠 기획, 개발, 인센티브 등 앱 운영을 관리하고, 한국환경공단과 한국환경산업기술원은 앱 개발 및 운영 예산을 지원합니다.',
    '그 수치는 2015년 메르스의 30퍼센트 감소에서 두 배 이상 증가했습니다.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

Dataset: sts-dev
Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	Value
pearson_cosine	0.9625
spearman_cosine	0.9261
pearson_manhattan	0.9525
spearman_manhattan	0.9224
pearson_euclidean	0.9525
spearman_euclidean	0.9223
pearson_dot	0.9525
spearman_dot	0.9109
pearson_max	0.9625
spearman_max	0.9261

Training Details

Training Datasets

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 588,126 training samples
Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and sentence_2
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 sentence_2
type string string string
details
min: 4 tokens
mean: 19.08 tokens
max: 128 tokens
min: 4 tokens
mean: 18.94 tokens
max: 122 tokens
min: 5 tokens
mean: 14.88 tokens
max: 53 tokens

Samples:

sentence_0	sentence_1	sentence_2
`바에서 호박을 곁들인 음료를 준비하는 여성 바텐더`	`바텐더가 술을 만들고 있다.`	`여자가 보드카를 마시고 있다.`
`두 남자가 낮에 구조물 근처를 걷고 있다.`	`아름다운 화창한 날 건물을 산책하는 두 남자.`	`남자 몇 명이 코이와 함께 연못에서 수영을 하고 있다.`
`두 사람이 꽃으로 둘러싸인 야외에 있다.`	`한 남자와 그의 딸이 밝은 색의 노란 꽃밭에서 사진을 찍기 위해 포즈를 취하고 있다.`	`두 남자가 농구를 하고 있다.`

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" 4}

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 12,187 training samples
Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 label
type string string float
details
min: 5 tokens
mean: 20.56 tokens
max: 70 tokens
min: 7 tokens
mean: 20.1 tokens
max: 68 tokens
min: 0.0
mean: 0.45
max: 1.0

Samples:

sentence_0	sentence_1	label
`강원영서 지역은 언제 옵니까? 소나기.`	`라니냐가 일어날 때 해수면은 몇 도 정도 하강해?`	`0.0`
`4월 ‘과학의 달’을 맞아 한 달 동안 언제 어디서나 과학기술을 즐길 수 있는 온라인 과학축제가 열린다.`	`4월의 "과학의 달"을 맞아, 언제 어디서나 한 달 동안 과학기술을 즐길 수 있는 온라인 과학 축제가 열릴 것입니다.`	`0.9199999999999999`
`호스트가 아닌 리스본 컨시어지에서 관리를 하는거라 전문적으로 관리되는 숙소입니다.`	`이 숙소는 전문적으로 관리되며, 호스트가 아닌 리스본 컨시어지가 관리합니다.`	`0.76`

Loss: CosineSimilarityLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss" 3}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 128
per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
num_train_epochs: 5
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 128
per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
learning_rate: 5e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1
num_train_epochs: 5
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.0
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: False
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	sts-dev_spearman_max
1.0052	193	0.9215
2.0052	386	0.9261

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.12
Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
Transformers: 4.41.2
PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
Accelerate: 0.31.0
Datasets: 2.19.2
Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

bibtex

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, 
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

	sentence_0	sentence_1	sentence_2
type	string	string	string
details	min: 4 tokens mean: 19.08 tokens max: 128 tokens	min: 4 tokens mean: 18.94 tokens max: 122 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 14.88 tokens max: 53 tokens