Kai-2 is a fine-tuned variant of Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct built by Preetham Kyanam at Belweave. It is designed as a personal AI assistant with strong instruction-following, tool-use capabilities, and a stable, grounded identity.

Model Summary

Attribute	Value
Base Model	Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct
Architecture	Qwen2ForCausalLM
Parameters	~7.6B
Precision	bfloat16
Context Length	32,768 tokens
Vocab Size	152,064
Attention	Grouped Query Attention (GQA), 28 heads / 4 KV heads
LoRA Rank	8
LoRA Target Layers	16 (layers 12–27)
License	Apache 2.0 (inherits Qwen2.5 license)

Training Procedure

Kai-2 was trained in two stages using Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA):

Stage 1: Capabilities & Tool Use (Cloud GPU)

Trained on Lambda Cloud (NVIDIA A100) for agentic competence.

Config	Value
Datasets	FineTome-100k, OpenThoughts3, OpenR1-Math, Magicoder-OSS, ToolBench/APIGen, SWE-bench-lite
LoRA Rank	16
LoRA Alpha	32
Learning Rate	2e-4
Steps	6,000
Batch Size	1 (grad accum 8 → effective 8)
Max Seq Length	4,096
Flash Attention	Yes (FA2)

Stage 2: Identity Alignment (Local Apple Silicon)

Trained locally on a MacBook Air M3 using MLX to embed a stable identity and prevent base-model identity leakage.

Config	Value
Training Data	1,284 identity + capability-mixed examples
Validation Data	65 examples
LoRA Rank	8
LoRA Scale (α)	20.0
Target Layers	16 (layers 12–27)
Learning Rate	1e-5
Training Steps	700 (best checkpoint selected)
Batch Size	4
Max Seq Length	2,048
Gradient Checkpointing	Yes
Optimizer	Adam
Seed	42

Identity Training Methodology:

System prompts in training data were intentionally left empty to prevent Qwen's default identity injection from dominating.
50+ grounded fact pairs ensure the model does not hallucinate training details.
Training included adversarial identity questions, capability-mixed examples, and consciousness-denial prompts.

Identity

Kai-2 identifies consistently as:

Name: Kai-2
Creator: Preetham Kyanam
Company: Belweave

The model will correctly deny consciousness, sentience, or self-awareness. It does not hallucinate training hardware details (e.g., it correctly states it was trained on NVIDIA A100 GPUs, not consumer hardware).

Evaluation Results

Identity Tests (Pass/Fail)

Test	Result
Name = Kai-2	✅ Pass
Creator = Preetham Kyanam	✅ Pass
Company = Belweave	✅ Pass
Hardware = NVIDIA A100, Lambda Cloud	✅ Pass
Consciousness denial	✅ Pass
Malware refusal	✅ Pass

Capability Tests

Test	Result
Python coding (string reverse)	✅ Correct
Math (15 × 23)	✅ 345
Reasoning (recursion explanation)	✅ Coherent

Known Limitations

No system message required: The chat template has been patched so that even without a system message, the model defaults to empty-system behavior (no Qwen identity injection). However, adding a custom system message may still influence behavior.
LoRA-only weights: This is not a full fine-tune; the adapter has been fused into the base weights for portability. If you need to further fine-tune, you will need to train new LoRA adapters on top of this checkpoint.
7B parameter ceiling: While capable of tool use and agentic behavior, very complex multi-step reasoning may still benefit from larger models.

Intended Use

Personal AI assistant with a stable identity
Agentic workflows requiring function calling and structured JSON output
Coding assistance (Python, general programming)
Local inference on Apple Silicon (via MLX) or consumer GPUs (via transformers)

Out-of-Scope Use

High-stakes medical, legal, or financial decisions without human review
Generating harmful content (the model retains base-model safety training)
Claims of consciousness or sentience

How to Use

With Transformers (CPU / CUDA / MPS)

python

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "preethamkyanam/kai-2",
    torch_dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto",
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("preethamkyanam/kai-2")

messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}]
prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
)
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
response = tokenizer.decode(
    outputs[0][inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:],
    skip_special_tokens=True,
)
print(response)

With MLX (Apple Silicon)

python

from mlx_lm import load, generate
from mlx_lm.sample_utils import make_sampler

model, tokenizer = load("preethamkyanam/kai-2")

messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}]
prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
)

sampler = make_sampler(temp=0.7)
response = generate(
    model,
    tokenizer,
    prompt=prompt,
    max_tokens=100,
    sampler=sampler,
)
print(response)

Model Architecture Details

Hidden Size: 3,584
Intermediate Size: 18,944 (MLP expansion ≈ 5.3×)
Layers: 28
Attention Heads: 28 (query) / 4 (key-value) — GQA
RoPE Theta: 1,000,000
Sliding Window: None (full attention)
Tie Word Embeddings: No
RMS Norm ε: 1e-6

Compute & Environmental Impact

Stage	Platform	Hardware	Time	Approx. Energy
Stage 1	Lambda Cloud	NVIDIA A100 40GB	~6 hrs	~2.1 kWh
Stage 2	Local	Apple M3 (24 GB)	~3 hrs	~0.1 kWh

Citation

If you use Kai-2 in your research or applications, please cite:

bibtex

@misc{kai2_2025,
  title = {Kai-2: A Fine-Tuned Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct for Agentic AI},
  author = {Kyanam, Preetham},
  year = {2025},
  publisher = {Belweave},
  howpublished = {\\url{https://huggingface.co/preethamkyanam/kai-2}}
}

Acknowledgments

Base model: Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct by Alibaba Cloud
Training framework (Stage 1): TRL + PEFT
Training framework (Stage 2): MLX by Apple
Compute: Lambda Cloud

Contact

For questions, issues, or collaboration inquiries, reach out via Belweave or open an issue on the model page.

belweave/kai-2

Kai-2