LLM4Decompile aims to decompile x86 assembly instructions into C. It is finetuned from Deepseek-Coder on 4B tokens of assembly-C pairs compiled from AnghaBench.

Github Repository: LLM4Decompile
Paper link: For more details check out the paper.

Note: The unified optimization (UO) model is trained without prior knowledge of the optimization levels (O0~O3), the average re-executability is arond 0.21.

2. Evaluation Results

Model	Re-compilability					Re-executability
Optimization-level	O0	O1	O2	O3	Avg.	O0	O1	O2	O3	Avg.
GPT4	0.92	0.94	0.88	0.84	0.895	0.1341	0.1890	0.1524	0.0854	0.1402
DeepSeek-Coder-33B	0.0659	0.0866	0.1500	0.1463	0.1122	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
LLM4Decompile-1b	0.8780	0.8732	0.8683	0.8378	0.8643	0.1573	0.0768	0.1000	0.0878	0.1055
LLM4Decompile-6b	0.8817	0.8951	0.8671	0.8476	0.8729	0.3000	0.1732	0.1988	0.1841	0.2140
LLM4Decompile-33b	0.8134	0.8195	0.8183	0.8305	0.8204	0.3049	0.1902	0.1817	0.1817	0.2146

3. How to Use

Note: For the UO model, it is trained without prior knowledge of the optimization levels (O0~O3), therefore, the prompt is slightly different.

Here give an example of how to use our model. First compile the C code into binary, disassemble the binary into assembly instructions:

python

import subprocess
import os
import re

digit_pattern = r'\b0x[a-fA-F0-9]+\b'# binary codes in Hexadecimal
zeros_pattern = r'^0+\s'#0s
OPT = ["O0", "O1", "O2", "O3"]
fileName = 'path/to/file'
with open(fileName+'.c','r') as f:#original file
    c_func = f.read()
for opt_state in OPT:
    output_file = fileName +'_' + opt_state
    input_file = fileName+'.c'
    compile_command = f'gcc -c -o {output_file}.o {input_file} -{opt_state} -lm'#compile the code with GCC on Linux
    subprocess.run(compile_command, shell=True, check=True)
    compile_command = f'objdump -d {output_file}.o > {output_file}.s'#disassemble the binary file into assembly instructions
    subprocess.run(compile_command, shell=True, check=True)
    
    input_asm = ''
    with open(output_file+'.s') as f:#original file
        asm= f.read()
    asm = asm.split('Disassembly of section .text:')[-1].strip()
    for tmp in asm.split('\n'):
        tmp_asm = tmp.split('\t')[-1]#remove the binary code
        tmp_asm = tmp_asm.split('#')[0].strip()#remove the comments
        input_asm+=tmp_asm+'\n'
    input_asm = re.sub(zeros_pattern, '', input_asm)
    before = f"# This is the assembly code:\n"#prompt different for the UO model
    after = "\n# What is the source code?\n"#prompt
    input_asm_prompt = before+input_asm.strip()+after
    with open(fileName +'_' + opt_state +'.asm','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(input_asm_prompt)

Then use LLM4Decompile to translate the assembly instructions into C:

python

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

model_path = 'arise-sustech/llm4decompile-6.7b-uo'
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path,torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16).cuda()

with open(fileName +'_' + opt_state +'.asm','r') as f:#original file
    asm_func = f.read()
inputs = tokenizer(asm_func, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
with torch.no_grad():
    outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=512)
c_func_decompile = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][len(inputs[0]):-1])

4. License

This code repository is licensed under the DeepSeek License.

5. Contact

If you have any questions, please raise an issue.

6. Citation

@misc{tan2024llm4decompile,
      title={LLM4Decompile: Decompiling Binary Code with Large Language Models}, 
      author={Hanzhuo Tan and Qi Luo and Jing Li and Yuqun Zhang},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2403.05286},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.PL}
}