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allenai/
Olmo-Hybrid-7B

Name: Olmo-Hybrid-7B
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Model Details

Model Card for Olmo Hybrid (7B)

We expand on our Olmo model series by introducing Olmo Hybrid, a new 7B hybrid RNN model in the Olmo family. Olmo Hybrid dramatically outperforms Olmo 3 in final performance, consistently showing roughly 2x data efficiency on core evals over the course of our pretraining run. We also show gains in performance on long-context benchmarks, as well as improved inference efficiency (throughput and memory) on long-context lengths by a factor of 75%.

The training of our hybrid model makes use of Olmo 3 7B, except that we change the learning rate schedule to be a standard cosine schedule rather than the piecewise schedule used by Olmo 3. Additionally, we use the improved data mix of Olmo 3 32B instead of the Olmo 3 7B mix. The table below highlights the architecture differences in our hybrid model.

Size	Training Tokens	Layers	Hidden Size	Q Heads	KV Heads	gated DeltaNet Heads	Context Length
Olmo 3 7B	5.93 Trillion	32	4096	32	32	--	65,536
Olmo 3 32B	5.50 Trillion	64	5120	40	8	--	65,536
Olmo Hybrid 7B	5.50 Trillion	32	3840	30	30	30	65,536

Our overall layer matches the transformer architecture of Olmo 3 7B, except that 75% of layers use gated DeltaNet heads instead of attention heads. The layers alternate so that 3 contain DeltaNet sublayers followed by 1 with a multihead attention sublayer. In particular, each head uses gated DeltaNet heads, extended with negative eigenvaluesWe reduced the number of heads from 32 to 30 while keeping the head dimension fixed at 128 (effectively reducing dmodel from 4096 to 3840). Lastly, head dimension is doubled, which is the default behavior for DeltaNet.

The core models released in this batch include the following:

Stage	Olmo 3 7B Think	Olmo 3 32B Think	Olmo 3 7B Instruct	Olmo Hybrid Think 7B	Olmo Hybrid Instruct 7B
Base Model	Olmo-3-7B	Olmo-3-32B	Olmo-3-7B	Olmo-Hybrid-7B	Olmo-Hybrid-7B
SFT	Olmo-3-7B-Think-SFT	Olmo-3-32B-Think-SFT	Olmo-3-7B-Instruct-SFT	Olmo-Hybrid-Think-SFT-7B	Olmo-Hybrid-Instruct-SFT-7B
DPO	Olmo-3-7B-Think-DPO	Olmo-3-32B-Think-DPO	Olmo-3-7B-Instruct-DPO	--	Olmo-Hybrid-Instruct-DPO-7B
Final Models (RLVR)	Olmo-3-7B-Think	Olmo-3-32B-Think	Olmo-3-7B-Instruct	--	--

Olmo is a series of Open language models designed to enable the science of language models. These models are pre-trained on the Dolma 3 dataset and post-trained on the Dolci datasets. We are releasing all code, checkpoints, logs (coming soon), and associated training details.

Installation

Olmo Hybrid is supported in transformers 5.3.0 or higher:

pip install transformers>=5.3.0

Inference

You can use OLMo with the standard HuggingFace transformers library:

python

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
olmo = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("allenai/Olmo-Hybrid-7B")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("allenai/Olmo-Hybrid-7B")
message = ["Language modeling is "]
inputs = tokenizer(message, return_tensors='pt', return_token_type_ids=False)
# optional verifying cuda
# inputs = {k: v.to('cuda') for k,v in inputs.items()}
# olmo = olmo.to('cuda')
response = olmo.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100, do_sample=True, top_k=0, temperature=1.0, top_p=0.7)
print(tokenizer.batch_decode(response, skip_special_tokens=True)[0])
>> 'Language modeling is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP) that involves predicting the next word in a sequence given   
  the previous words. It has been widely used in various NLP applications such as machine translation, speech recognition, and text         
  generation...'

For faster performance, you can quantize the model using the following method:

python

AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("allenai/Olmo-Hybrid-7B", 
    torch_dtype=torch.float16, 
    load_in_8bit=True)  # Requires bitsandbytes

The quantized model is more sensitive to data types and CUDA operations. To avoid potential issues, it's recommended to pass the inputs directly to CUDA using:

inputs.input_ids.to('cuda')

We have released checkpoints for these models. For pretraining, the naming convention is stage1-stepXXX. The conventions for midtraining and long context are stage2-stepXXX and stage3-stepXXX, respectively.

To load a specific model revision with HuggingFace, simply add the argument revision:

olmo = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("allenai/Olmo-Hybrid-7B", revision="stage1-step10000")

Or, you can access all the revisions for the models via the following code snippet:

python

from huggingface_hub import list_repo_refs
out = list_repo_refs("allenai/Olmo-Hybrid-7B")
branches = [b.name for b in out.branches]

Fine-tuning

Model fine-tuning can be done from the final checkpoint (the main revision of this model) or many intermediate checkpoints. Two recipes for tuning are available.

Fine-tune with the OLMo-core repository:

torchrun --nproc-per-node=8 ./src/scripts/official/OLMo-hybrid/OLMo-hybrid-7B-pretrain.py run01

You can override most configuration options from the command-line. For example, to override the learning rate you could launch the script like this:

torchrun --nproc-per-node=8 .src/scripts/official/OLMo-hybrid/OLMo-hybrid-7B-pretrain.py run01 --train_module.optim.lr=3e-4

For more documentation, see the GitHub readme.

Model Description

Developed by: Allen Institute for AI (Ai2)
Model type: a Transformer style autoregressive language model.
Language(s) (NLP): English
License: This model is licensed under Apache 2.0. It is intended for research and educational use in accordance with Ai2's Responsible Use Guidelines.
Contact: Technical inquiries: olmo@allenai.org. Press: press@allenai.org
Date cutoff: Dec. 2024.

Model Sources

Project Page: https://allenai.org/olmo
Repositories:
- Open-Instruct for DPO and RLVR: https://github.com/allenai/open-instruct
- OLMo-Core for pre-training and SFT: https://github.com/allenai/OLMo-core
- OLMo-Eval for evaluation: https://github.com/allenai/OLMo-Eval
Olmo 3 Paper: https://allenai.org/papers/olmo3
Olmo Hybrid Paper: https://allenai.org/papers/olmo-hybrid

Evaluation

Core model results for Olmo Hybrid 7B are found below.

Model	Olmo 3-Eval Math	BigCodeBench	HumanEval	DeepSeek LeetCode	DS 1000	MBPP	MultiPL HumanEval	MultiPL MBPPP	Olmo 3-Eval Code	ARC MC	MMLU STEM	MedMCQA MC	MedQA MC	SciQ MC	Olmo 3-Eval MC_STEM	MMLU Humanities	MMLU Social Sci.	MMLU Other	CSQA MC	PIQA MC	SocialIQA MC	CoQA Gen2MC MC	DROP Gen2MC MC	Jeopardy Gen2MC MC	NaturalQs Gen2MC MC	SQuAD Gen2MC MC	Olmo 3-Eval MC_Non-STEM	HellaSwag RC	Winogrande RC	Lambada	Basic Skills	DROP	Jeopardy	NaturalQs	SQuAD	CoQA	Olmo 3-Eval GenQA	BBH	MMLU Pro MC	Deepmind Math	LBPP
Open-weight Models
Marin-8B	39.6	21.5	31.6	0.5	16.5	36.5	15.6	27.6	21.4	89.2	58.1	52.7	47.3	93.2	68.1	71.4	77.4	68.3	75.3	85.7	79.8	86.2	63.7	90.8	71.5	96.5	78.8	84.0	88.6	73.9	85.6	73.0	72.7	42.6	93.4	69.5	75.9	55.6	38.8	20.2	5.8
Apertus-8B	29.2	20.9	21.6	0.6	11.8	33.5	15.5	29.2	19.0	87.9	52.4	51.7	47.6	91.9	66.3	67.8	74.7	66.1	72.1	80.5	76.3	82.8	47.5	90.3	66.7	91.3	74.2	81.0	85.8	70.9	83.8	37.1	70.1	35.0	89.6	67.4	69.0	48.1	33.9	17.1	7.1
OLMo 2-7B	41.7	8.8	16.3	0.2	10.1	21.2	4.2	12.2	10.4	85.7	53.2	49.2	43.8	90.9	64.6	67.9	73.1	65.2	72.0	80.1	77.5	85.0	55.6	89.5	66.3	95.3	75.2	82.2	87.4	70.5	82.2	61.5	70.8	37.4	91.5	68.3	72.4	49.6	33.1	16.3	3.1
Qwen3-8B	67.2	42.5	71.7	8.3	33.1	66.2	52.3	48.4	46.1	95.4	76.7	63.5	62.1	96.1	78.8	78.6	84.8	76.8	84.1	89.9	83.3	93.7	78.3	92.3	74.1	97.5	84.8	80.5	86.4	73.0	93.5	57.2	65.1	33.8	89.2	61.6	71.1	76.5	50.3	47.7	25.7
Nemotron MiniD 8B	49.8	43.2	71.7	6.8	30.3	62.3	40.0	47.5	43.1	94.1	71.1	54.5	53.5	94.3	73.5	78.0	82.2	73.8	74.4	86.0	78.7	92.2	70.0	90.7	71.1	97.4	81.3	80.2	86.2	67.9	91.4	71.4	64.9	31.2	92.3	60.4	71.8	77.0	50.2	31.4	31.7
Gemma-2-9B	48.8	30.9	40.0	1.9	28.4	49.1	27.9	38.2	30.2	92.7	62.8	58.9	55.4	94.4	72.8	74.5	82.9	74.2	75.3	85.7	80.3	92.7	65.8	92.8	72.5	97.3	81.3	81.8	88.8	76.3	89.3	68.2	75.1	40.4	88.8	71.5	75.6	68.8	44.7	23.0	12.4
Qwen-2.5-7B	60.7	39.7	66.1	5.1	35.2	55.4	40.3	45.4	41.0	93.4	67.6	60.3	56.6	95.4	74.7	76.2	83.0	74.4	85.0	88.5	82.9	93.5	69.1	92.1	70.5	96.4	82.9	81.0	86.0	70.3	91.4	56.7	63.0	31.2	87.0	40.5	67.5	54.7	48.1	32.8	22.1
Llama-3.1-8B	36.9	30.7	40.4	0.1	22.2	12.1	14.5	28.3	21.2	86.4	55.7	56.5	53.7	92.7	69.0	70.1	75.5	69.1	72.9	78.3	77.0	89.9	53.3	88.9	68.0	94.4	76.1	81.5	87.3	75.5	88.0	59.5	70.9	36.7	89.2	69.0	73.1	63.0	37.4	24.1	9.1
Granite-3.3-8B	41.5	0.4	0.0	0.0	22.6	48.5	22.3	32.3	18.0	86.2	55.6	49.6	43.0	90.8	65.0	67.6	71.8	64.5	82.3	81.5	83.1	87.6	55.0	88.4	69.2	94.5	76.9	83.7	89.4	76.0	88.7	38.4	69.7	37.0	89.6	37.8	67.8	61.5	33.9	32.2	18.5
MiMo-7B	54.3	38.3	57.0	1.2	28.1	48.3	34.5	42.5	35.7	91.7	63.5	56.2	53.0	93.5	71.6	73.6	80.8	72.7	76.1	87.2	80.7	91.4	64.1	89.5	72.2	96.7	80.5	80.6	86.5	73.1	89.7	69.3	65.6	33.1	90.3	54.4	71.4	75.1	44.3	25.4	21.5
Olmo 3 7B	54.7	34.1	49.1	1.4	20.2	43.6	28.7	38.2	30.7	89.2	59.7	48.3	41.8	92.8	66.4	68.9	75.0	66.9	75.3	80.2	80.3	92.5	67.3	86.9	69.4	96.9	78.2	77.7	85.7	68.9	89.5	71.5	60.4	32.6	93.5	72.8	72.5	63.5	37.3	23.7	17.1
Olmo Hybrid 7B	55.1	35.1	49.0	2.2	21.1	50.3	29.4	39.5	32.4	90.8	64.6	52.1	48.7	93.9	70.0	71.6	79.7	71.0	78.4	82.7	81.1	93.9	68.1	89.3	71.0	97.0	80.4	79.0	86.2	70.2	89.7	72.9	64.0	34.8	92.1	67.4	72.9	65.2	41.7	23.4	16.8

Model Details

Stage 1: Initial Pretraining

Dataset: dolma3_6T_mix
5.50T tokens
Coverage: 97.53%+ of total pretraining budget

Stage 2: Mid-training

Dataset: dolma3-dolmino-mix-1025
100B tokens
Mix composition: 20% code, 28% web pages, 19% math, 14% QA, 8% thinking, 6% instruction, and 5% PDFs

Stage 3: Long Context

Dataset: dolma3-longmino-mix-1025
50B tokens
Mix composition: 66% midtraining data, 34% PDFs

Model Merging

2 versions on 100B mix (midtraining), merged before starting long context run.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Like any base language model or fine-tuned model without safety filtering, these models can easily be prompted by users to generate harmful and sensitive content. Such content may also be produced unintentionally, especially in cases involving bias, so we recommend that users consider the risks when applying this technology. Additionally, many statements from OLMo or any LLM are often inaccurate, so facts should be verified.

License

This model is licensed under Apache 2.0. It is intended for research and educational use in accordance with Ai2's Responsible Use Guidelines.

Citation

Coming Soon!

Model Card Contact

For errors in this model card, contact olmo@allenai.org.