This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-m3 on the stsb-indo-edu dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: BAAI/bge-m3
Maximum Sequence Length: 8192 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Training Dataset:
- stsb-indo-edu
Language: id

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 8192, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

python

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("Pustekhan-ITB/indoedubert-bge-m3-exp2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Jawaban singkatnya adalah: kita terbuat dari "materi" yang disumbangkan oleh banyak bintang.',
    'Sangat tidak mungkin bahwa kita terbuat dari benda-benda yang hanya terbuat dari satu bintang.',
    'Sebuah band sedang bermain di atas panggung.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

Datasets: stsb-indo-edu-dev and stsb-indo-edu-test
Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	stsb-indo-edu-dev	stsb-indo-edu-test
pearson_cosine	0.8433	0.8443
spearman_cosine	0.858	0.8603

Training Details

Training Dataset

stsb-indo-edu

Dataset: stsb-indo-edu at 2c5aa12
Size: 6,198 training samples
Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence1 sentence2 score
type string string float
details
min: 6 tokens
mean: 10.95 tokens
max: 28 tokens
min: 6 tokens
mean: 10.81 tokens
max: 30 tokens
min: 0.0
mean: 0.46
max: 1.0

Samples:

sentence1	sentence2	score
`Pelajaran menari daerah membantu siswa SD melestarikan kebudayaan lokal`	`Tarian ini sering dipentaskan saat perayaan hari besar`	`0.76`
`Sebelum ujian sekolah, guru memberikan bimbingan belajar tambahan secara gratis`	`Upaya ini agar seluruh siswa siap menghadapi ujian`	`0.85`
`Beberapa SD terletak di daerah pegunungan, sehingga siswa harus berjalan kaki cukup jauh`	`Ini melatih kemandirian dan fisik yang kuat`	`0.63`

Loss: CoSENTLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim" 4}

Evaluation Dataset

stsb-indo-edu

Dataset: stsb-indo-edu at 2c5aa12
Size: 1,536 evaluation samples
Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence1 sentence2 score
type string string float
details
min: 5 tokens
mean: 15.96 tokens
max: 44 tokens
min: 6 tokens
mean: 15.97 tokens
max: 47 tokens
min: 0.0
mean: 0.42
max: 1.0

Samples:

sentence1	sentence2	score
`Seorang pria dengan topi keras sedang menari.`	`Seorang pria yang mengenakan topi keras sedang menari.`	`1.0`
`Seorang anak kecil sedang menunggang kuda.`	`Seorang anak sedang menunggang kuda.`	`0.95`
`Seorang pria sedang memberi makan seekor tikus kepada seekor ular.`	`Pria itu sedang memberi makan seekor tikus kepada ular.`	`1.0`

Loss: CoSENTLoss with these parameters:
json
1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim" 4}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 32
per_device_eval_batch_size: 32
num_train_epochs: 1
warmup_ratio: 0.1
fp16: True
batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 32
per_device_eval_batch_size: 32
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 5e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 1
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: True
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: no_duplicates
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	stsb-indo-edu-dev_spearman_cosine	stsb-indo-edu-test_spearman_cosine
-1	-1	-	-	0.8096	-
0.5155	100	6.0081	5.7898	0.8580	-
-1	-1	-	-	-	0.8603

Framework Versions

Python: 3.11.11
Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1
Transformers: 4.48.3
PyTorch: 2.5.1
Accelerate: 1.3.0
Datasets: 3.3.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

bibtex

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

CoSENTLoss

bibtex

@online{kexuefm-8847,
    title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
    author={Su Jianlin},
    year={2022},
    month={Jan},
    url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}

	sentence1	sentence2	score
type	string	string	float
details	min: 6 tokens mean: 10.95 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 6 tokens mean: 10.81 tokens max: 30 tokens	min: 0.0 mean: 0.46 max: 1.0