bge-large-en-v1.5

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• Training Dataset:
  • natural-questions
• Language: en
• License: mit

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Dataset: NanoQuoraRetrieval
• Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "query_prompt": "query: ", 3 "corpus_prompt": "document: " 4}

Information Retrieval

• Dataset: NanoQuoraRetrieval
• Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "query_prompt": "query: ", 3 "corpus_prompt": "document: " 4}

Training Details

Training Dataset

natural-questions

• Dataset: natural-questions at f9e894e
• Size: 64,147 training samples
• Columns: query and answer
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	query	answer
  type	string	string
  details	min: 10 tokens mean: 11.81 tokens max: 26 tokens	min: 21 tokens mean: 137.28 tokens max: 512 tokens

• Samples:

  query	answer
  the internal revenue code is part of federal statutory law. true false	Internal Revenue Code The Internal Revenue Code (IRC), formally the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States, published in various volumes of the United States Statutes at Large, and separately as Title 26 of the United States Code (USC).[1] It is organized topically, into subtitles and sections, covering income tax (see Income tax in the United States), payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. Its implementing agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
  where is the pyramid temple at borobudur located	Borobudur Approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Yogyakarta and 86 kilometres (53 mi) west of Surakarta, Borobudur is located in an elevated area between two twin volcanoes, Sundoro-Sumbing and Merbabu-Merapi, and two rivers, the Progo and the Elo. According to local myth, the area known as Kedu Plain is a Javanese "sacred" place and has been dubbed "the garden of Java" due to its high agricultural fertility.[19] During the restoration in the early 20th century, it was discovered that three Buddhist temples in the region, Borobudur, Pawon and Mendut, are positioned along a straight line.[20] A ritual relationship between the three temples must have existed, although the exact ritual process is unknown.[14]
  what does uncle stand for in the show man from uncle	The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Originally, co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either "Uncle Sam" or the United Nations.[2]:14 Concerns by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's (MGM) legal department about using "U.N." for commercial purposes resulted in the producers' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement.[3] Each episode had an "acknowledgement" to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles.

• Loss: CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim", 4 "mini_batch_size": 16, 5 "gather_across_devices": false 6}

Evaluation Dataset

natural-questions

• Dataset: natural-questions at f9e894e
• Size: 16,037 evaluation samples
• Columns: query and answer
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	query	answer
  type	string	string
  details	min: 10 tokens mean: 11.67 tokens max: 22 tokens	min: 12 tokens mean: 134.64 tokens max: 512 tokens

• Samples:

  query	answer
  when did last harry potter movie come out	Harry Potter (film series) Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011).[2][3] A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016). The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World.[4]
  where did the saying debbie downer come from	Debbie Downer The character's name, Debbie Downer, is a slang phrase which refers to someone who frequently adds bad news and negative feelings to a gathering, thus bringing down the mood of everyone around them. Dratch's character would usually appear at social gatherings and interrupt the conversation to voice negative opinions and pronouncements. She is especially concerned about the rate of feline AIDS, a subject that she would bring up on more than one occasion, saying it was the number one killer of domestic cats.
  the financial crisis of 2008 was caused by	Financial crisis of 2007–2008 It began in 2007 with a crisis in the subprime mortgage market in the United States, and developed into a full-blown international banking crisis with the collapse of the investment bank Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008.[5] Excessive risk-taking by banks such as Lehman Brothers helped to magnify the financial impact globally.[6] Massive bail-outs of financial institutions and other palliative monetary and fiscal policies were employed to prevent a possible collapse of the world financial system. The crisis was nonetheless followed by a global economic downturn, the Great Recession. The European debt crisis, a crisis in the banking system of the European countries using the euro, followed later.

• Loss: CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:
  json

  1{ 2 "scale": 20.0, 3 "similarity_fct": "cos_sim", 4 "mini_batch_size": 16, 5 "gather_across_devices": false 6}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 5
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 5
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• max_steps: 100
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• seed: 30
• bf16: True
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• prompts: {'query': 'query: ', 'answer': 'document: '}
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Training Logs

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.12.11
• Sentence Transformers: 5.1.0
• Transformers: 4.56.1
• PyTorch: 2.8.0+cu126
• Accelerate: 1.10.1
• Datasets: 4.0.0
• Tokenizers: 0.22.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

CachedMultipleNegativesRankingLoss