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AstroMLCore/
AstroM3-CLIP-spectra

Name: AstroM3-CLIP-spectra
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AstroMLCore/AstroM3Processed

AstroMLCore/AstroM3Dataset

2411.08842

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AstroM³ is a self-supervised multimodal model for astronomy that integrates time-series photometry, spectra, and metadata into a unified embedding space for classification and other downstream tasks. AstroM³ is trained on AstroM3Processed, which is the pre-processed version of AstroM3Dataset. For more details on the AstroM³ architecture, training, and results, please refer to the paper.

Figure 1: Overview of the multimodal CLIP framework adapted for astronomy, incorporating three data modalities: photometric time-series, spectra, and metadata. Each modality is processed by a dedicated encoder to create embeddings, which are then mapped into a shared embedding space through projection heads. Pairwise similarity matrices align the embeddings across modalities, and a symmetric cross-entropy loss, computed over these matrices, optimizes the model. The total loss, derived from all pairwise losses, guides the model’s trimodal learning.

To use AstroM³ for inference, install the AstroM3 library from our GitHub repo.

git clone https://github.com/MeriDK/AstroM3.git
cd AstroM3

Create a virtual environment (tested with Python 3.10.14), then install the required dependencies:

uv venv venv --python 3.10.14
source venv/bin/activate
uv pip install -r requirements.txt

A simple example to get started

Data Loading & Preprocessing

python

from datasets import load_dataset
from src.data import process_photometry

# Load the test dataset
test_dataset = load_dataset('AstroMLCore/AstroM3Processed', name='full_42', split='test')

# Process photometry to have a fixed sequence length of 200 (center-cropped)
test_dataset = test_dataset.map(process_photometry, batched=True, fn_kwargs={'seq_len': 200, 'how': 'center'})
test_dataset = test_dataset.with_format('torch')

Model Loading & Embedding Extraction

python

import torch
from src.model import AstroM3

# Load the base AstroM3-CLIP model
model = AstroM3.from_pretrained('AstroMLCore/AstroM3-CLIP')

# Retrieve the first sample (batch size = 1)
sample = test_dataset[0:1]
photometry = sample['photometry']
photometry_mask = sample['photometry_mask']
spectra = sample['spectra']
metadata = sample['metadata']

# Example 1: Generate embeddings when all modalities are present
p_emb, s_emb, m_emb = model.get_embeddings(photometry, photometry_mask, spectra, metadata)
multimodal_emb = (p_emb + s_emb + m_emb) / 3
print('Multimodal Embedding (All Modalities):', multimodal_emb)

# Example 2: Generate embeddings when the spectra modality is missing
dummy_spectra = torch.zeros_like(spectra)  # Dummy tensor for missing spectra
p_emb, s_emb, m_emb = model.get_embeddings(photometry, photometry_mask, dummy_spectra, metadata)
multimodal_emb_missing = (p_emb + m_emb) / 2
print('Multimodal Embedding (Spectra Missing):', multimodal_emb_missing)

Classification Examples

python

from src.model import AstroM3, Informer, GalSpecNet, MetaModel

# Photometry classification
photo_model = Informer.from_pretrained('AstroMLCore/AstroM3-CLIP-photo')
prediction = photo_model(photometry, photometry_mask).argmax(dim=1).item()
print('Photometry Classification:', test_dataset.features['label'].int2str(prediction))

# Spectra classification
spectra_model = GalSpecNet.from_pretrained('AstroMLCore/AstroM3-CLIP-spectra')
prediction = spectra_model(spectra).argmax(dim=1).item()
print('Spectra Classification:', test_dataset.features['label'].int2str(prediction))

# Metadata classification
meta_model = MetaModel.from_pretrained('AstroMLCore/AstroM3-CLIP-meta')
prediction = meta_model(metadata).argmax(dim=1).item()
print('Metadata Classification:', test_dataset.features['label'].int2str(prediction))

# Multimodal classification
all_model = AstroM3.from_pretrained('AstroMLCore/AstroM3-CLIP-all')
prediction = all_model(photometry, photometry_mask, spectra, metadata).argmax(dim=1).item()
print('Multimodal Classification:', test_dataset.features['label'].int2str(prediction))

The AstroM³ Family

# Model	# Description
AstroM3-CLIP	The base model pre-trained using the trimodal CLIP approach.
AstroM3-CLIP-meta	Fine-tuned for metadata-only classification.
AstroM3-CLIP-spectra	Fine-tuned for spectra-only classification.
AstroM3-CLIP-photo	Fine-tuned for photometry-only classification.
AstroM3-CLIP-all	Fine-tuned for multimodal classification.

AstroM3-CLIP Variants

These variants of the base AstroM3-CLIP model are trained using different random seeds (42, 0, 66, 12, 123); ensure that the dataset is loaded with the corresponding seed for consistency.

# Model	# Description
AstroM3-CLIP-42	The base model pre-trained with random seed 42 (identical to AstroM3-CLIP).
AstroM3-CLIP-0	AstroM3-CLIP pre-trained with random seed 0 (use dataset with seed 0).
AstroM3-CLIP-66	AstroM3-CLIP pre-trained with random seed 66 (use dataset with seed 66).
AstroM3-CLIP-12	AstroM3-CLIP pre-trained with random seed 12 (use dataset with seed 12).
AstroM3-CLIP-123	AstroM3-CLIP pre-trained with random seed 123 (use dataset with seed 123).

Using your own data

Note that the data in the AstroM3Processed dataset is already pre-processed.
If you want to use the model with your own data, you must pre-process it in the same way:

Spectra: Each spectrum is interpolated to a fixed wavelength grid (3850–9000 Å), normalized using mean and MAD, and log-MAD is added as an auxiliary feature.
Photometry: Light curves are deduplicated, sorted by time, normalized using mean and MAD, time-scaled to [0, 1], and augmented with auxiliary features like log-MAD and time span.
Metadata: Scalar metadata is transformed via domain-specific functions (e.g., absolute magnitude, log, sin/cos), then normalized using dataset-level statistics.

For a detailed description, read the paper.
To see exactly how we performed this preprocessing, refer to preprocess.py in the AstroM3Dataset repo.

Citation

🤗 If you find this model usefull, please cite our paper 🤗

bibtex

@article{rizhko2024astrom,
  title={AstroM $\^{} 3$: A self-supervised multimodal model for astronomy},
  author={Rizhko, Mariia and Bloom, Joshua S},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.08842},
  year={2024}
}