We are pleased to announce the release of Ovis2, our latest advancement in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Ovis2 inherits the innovative architectural design of the Ovis series, aimed at structurally aligning visual and textual embeddings. As the successor to Ovis1.6, Ovis2 incorporates significant improvements in both dataset curation and training methodologies.

Key Features:

Small Model Performance: Optimized training strategies enable small-scale models to achieve higher capability density, demonstrating cross-tier leading advantages.
Enhanced Reasoning Capabilities: Significantly strengthens Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning abilities through the combination of instruction tuning and preference learning.
Video and Multi-Image Processing: Video and multi-image data are incorporated into training to enhance the ability to handle complex visual information across frames and images.
Multilingual Support and OCR: Enhances multilingual OCR beyond English and Chinese and improves structured data extraction from complex visual elements like tables and charts.

Model Zoo

Ovis MLLMs	ViT	LLM	Model Weights	Demo
Ovis2-1B	aimv2-large-patch14-448	Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct	Huggingface	Space
Ovis2-2B	aimv2-large-patch14-448	Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct	Huggingface	Space
Ovis2-4B	aimv2-huge-patch14-448	Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct	Huggingface	Space
Ovis2-8B	aimv2-huge-patch14-448	Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct	Huggingface	Space
Ovis2-16B	aimv2-huge-patch14-448	Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct	Huggingface	Space
Ovis2-34B	aimv2-1B-patch14-448	Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct	Huggingface	-

Performance

We use VLMEvalKit, as employed in the OpenCompass multimodal and reasoning leaderboard, to evaluate Ovis2.

Image Benchmark

Benchmark	Qwen2.5-VL-7B	InternVL2.5-8B-MPO	MiniCPM-o-2.6	Ovis1.6-9B	InternVL2.5-4B-MPO	Ovis2-4B	Ovis2-8B
MMBench-V1.1_test	82.6	82.0	80.6	80.5	77.8	81.4	83.6
MMStar	64.1	65.2	63.3	62.9	61	61.9	64.6
MMMU_val	56.2	54.8	50.9	55	51.8	49.0	57.4
MathVista_testmini	65.8	67.9	73.3	67.3	64.1	69.6	71.8
HallusionBench	56.3	51.7	51.1	52.2	47.5	53.8	56.3
AI2D	84.1	84.5	86.1	84.4	81.5	85.7	86.6
OCRBench	87.7	88.2	88.9	83	87.9	91.1	89.1
MMVet	66.6	68.1	67.2	65	66	65.5	65.1
MMBench_test	83.4	83.2	83.2	82.7	79.6	83.2	84.9
MMT-Bench_val	62.7	62.5	62.3	64.9	61.6	65.2	66.6
RealWorldQA	68.8	71.1	68.0	70.7	64.4	71.1	72.5
BLINK	56.1	56.6	53.9	48.5	50.6	53.0	54.3
QBench	77.9	73.8	78.7	76.7	71.5	78.1	78.9
ABench	75.6	77.0	77.5	74.4	75.9	77.5	76.4
MTVQA	28.5	27.2	23.1	19.2	28	29.4	29.7

Video Benchmark

Benchmark	Qwen2.5-VL-7B	InternVL2.5-8B	LLaVA-OV-7B	InternVL2.5-4B	Ovis2-4B	Ovis2-8B
VideoMME(wo/w-subs)	65.1/71.6	64.2 / 66.9	58.2/61.5	62.3 / 63.6	64.0/66.3	68.0/71.6
MVBench	69.6	72.0	56.7	71.6	68.45	68.15
MLVU(M-Avg/G-Avg)	70.2/-	68.9/-	64.7/-	68.3/-	70.8/4.23	76.4/4.25
MMBench-Video	1.79	1.68	-	1.73	1.69	1.85
TempCompass	71.7	-	-	-	67.02	69.28

Reasoning Benchmark

Usage

Below is a code snippet demonstrating how to run Ovis with various input types. For additional usage instructions, including inference wrapper and Gradio UI, please refer to Ovis GitHub.

bash

pip install torch==2.4.0 transformers==4.46.2 numpy==1.25.0 pillow==10.3.0
pip install flash-attn==2.7.0.post2 --no-build-isolation

python

import torch
from PIL import Image
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM

# load model
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("AIDC-AI/Ovis2-8B",
                                             torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                                             multimodal_max_length=32768,
                                             trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
text_tokenizer = model.get_text_tokenizer()
visual_tokenizer = model.get_visual_tokenizer()

# single-image input
image_path = '/data/images/example_1.jpg'
images = [Image.open(image_path)]
max_partition = 9
text = 'Describe the image.'
query = f'<image>\n{text}'

## cot-style input
# cot_suffix = "Provide a step-by-step solution to the problem, and conclude with 'the answer is' followed by the final solution."
# image_path = '/data/images/example_1.jpg'
# images = [Image.open(image_path)]
# max_partition = 9
# text = "What's the area of the shape?"
# query = f'<image>\n{text}\n{cot_suffix}'

## multiple-images input
# image_paths = [
#     '/data/images/example_1.jpg',
#     '/data/images/example_2.jpg',
#     '/data/images/example_3.jpg'
# ]
# images = [Image.open(image_path) for image_path in image_paths]
# max_partition = 4
# text = 'Describe each image.'
# query = '\n'.join([f'Image {i+1}: <image>' for i in range(len(images))]) + '\n' + text

## video input (require `pip install moviepy==1.0.3`)
# from moviepy.editor import VideoFileClip
# video_path = '/data/videos/example_1.mp4'
# num_frames = 12
# max_partition = 1
# text = 'Describe the video.'
# with VideoFileClip(video_path) as clip:
#     total_frames = int(clip.fps * clip.duration)
#     if total_frames <= num_frames:
#         sampled_indices = range(total_frames)
#     else:
#         stride = total_frames / num_frames
#         sampled_indices = [min(total_frames - 1, int((stride * i + stride * (i + 1)) / 2)) for i in range(num_frames)]
#     frames = [clip.get_frame(index / clip.fps) for index in sampled_indices]
#     frames = [Image.fromarray(frame, mode='RGB') for frame in frames]
# images = frames
# query = '\n'.join(['<image>'] * len(images)) + '\n' + text

## text-only input
# images = []
# max_partition = None
# text = 'Hello'
# query = text

# format conversation
prompt, input_ids, pixel_values = model.preprocess_inputs(query, images, max_partition=max_partition)
attention_mask = torch.ne(input_ids, text_tokenizer.pad_token_id)
input_ids = input_ids.unsqueeze(0).to(device=model.device)
attention_mask = attention_mask.unsqueeze(0).to(device=model.device)
if pixel_values is not None:
    pixel_values = pixel_values.to(dtype=visual_tokenizer.dtype, device=visual_tokenizer.device)
pixel_values = [pixel_values]

# generate output
with torch.inference_mode():
    gen_kwargs = dict(
        max_new_tokens=1024,
        do_sample=False,
        top_p=None,
        top_k=None,
        temperature=None,
        repetition_penalty=None,
        eos_token_id=model.generation_config.eos_token_id,
        pad_token_id=text_tokenizer.pad_token_id,
        use_cache=True
    )
    output_ids = model.generate(input_ids, pixel_values=pixel_values, attention_mask=attention_mask, **gen_kwargs)[0]
    output = text_tokenizer.decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
    print(f'Output:\n{output}')

Batch Inference

python

import torch
from PIL import Image
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM

# load model
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("AIDC-AI/Ovis2-8B",
                                             torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
                                             multimodal_max_length=32768,
                                             trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
text_tokenizer = model.get_text_tokenizer()
visual_tokenizer = model.get_visual_tokenizer()

# preprocess inputs
batch_inputs = [
    ('/data/images/example_1.jpg', 'What colors dominate the image?'),
    ('/data/images/example_2.jpg', 'What objects are depicted in this image?'),
    ('/data/images/example_3.jpg', 'Is there any text in the image?')
]

batch_input_ids = []
batch_attention_mask = []
batch_pixel_values = []

for image_path, text in batch_inputs:
    image = Image.open(image_path)
    query = f'<image>\n{text}'
    prompt, input_ids, pixel_values = model.preprocess_inputs(query, [image], max_partition=9)
    attention_mask = torch.ne(input_ids, text_tokenizer.pad_token_id)
    batch_input_ids.append(input_ids.to(device=model.device))
    batch_attention_mask.append(attention_mask.to(device=model.device))
    batch_pixel_values.append(pixel_values.to(dtype=visual_tokenizer.dtype, device=visual_tokenizer.device))

batch_input_ids = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence([i.flip(dims=[0]) for i in batch_input_ids], batch_first=True,
                                                  padding_value=0.0).flip(dims=[1])
batch_input_ids = batch_input_ids[:, -model.config.multimodal_max_length:]
batch_attention_mask = torch.nn.utils.rnn.pad_sequence([i.flip(dims=[0]) for i in batch_attention_mask],
                                                       batch_first=True, padding_value=False).flip(dims=[1])
batch_attention_mask = batch_attention_mask[:, -model.config.multimodal_max_length:]

# generate outputs
with torch.inference_mode():
    gen_kwargs = dict(
        max_new_tokens=1024,
        do_sample=False,
        top_p=None,
        top_k=None,
        temperature=None,
        repetition_penalty=None,
        eos_token_id=model.generation_config.eos_token_id,
        pad_token_id=text_tokenizer.pad_token_id,
        use_cache=True
    )
    output_ids = model.generate(batch_input_ids, pixel_values=batch_pixel_values, attention_mask=batch_attention_mask,
                                **gen_kwargs)

for i in range(len(batch_inputs)):
    output = text_tokenizer.decode(output_ids[i], skip_special_tokens=True)
    print(f'Output {i + 1}:\n{output}\n')

Citation

If you find Ovis useful, please consider citing the paper

@article{lu2024ovis,
  title={Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Model},
  author={Shiyin Lu and Yang Li and Qing-Guo Chen and Zhao Xu and Weihua Luo and Kaifu Zhang and Han-Jia Ye},
  year={2024},
  journal={arXiv:2405.20797}
}

License

This project is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0).

Disclaimer

We used compliance-checking algorithms during the training process, to ensure the compliance of the trained model to the best of our ability. Due to the complexity of the data and the diversity of language model usage scenarios, we cannot guarantee that the model is completely free of copyright issues or improper content. If you believe anything infringes on your rights or generates improper content, please contact us, and we will promptly address the matter.